LICHENS AND LICHEN. PARASITES

or in discrete colonies of Trebwia; medulla of thick-walled hyphae, often somewhat gelified and
conglutinate. Podetia usually arising from the surface of the primary thallus, rarely from its
margin, base persistent or dying below and proliferating above, simple or variously branched, tips
acute, obtuse or scyphiferous, solid at first, soon hollow; cortex usually present in young stages,
similar to that of the primary thallus, often lacking in mature plants; algal layer as in the primary
thallus, often transformed into soredia where the cortex is poorly developed, or tearing away as
verrucae, isidia or squamules, leaving portions of the podetia denuded ; medulla usually loosely
woven, sometimes distinct, sometimes little developed or merging into the chondroid axis which
is well developed, of conglutinate, thick-walled, longitudinal hyphae.
Apothecia immerhd in the tips of the podetia or sessile, disc plane to convex ; paratheciuin only
slightly differentiated f h the paraphyses, or absent ; hypothecium hyaline, .reddish or slightly
brownish, of more or less subvertical hyphae, merging into the chondroid axis below and into the
thecium above; paraphyses slender, tips noythickened or clavate and capitate, simple or somewhat
branched above the asci; asci clavate to cylindric, slender, tip thickened when young, becoming
thin-walled at maturity, 8-spored ; ascospores irregularly distichous, fusiform to long ellipsoid,
unicellular.
Spermogoida usually on the tips of branches, or margins of cups, sometimes in axils, sides of
podetia or on the primary thallus; cylindric, conic or ovoid, sessile or short stipitate, sometimes
constricted at the base, usually brownish to black, sometimes ashy or reddish; spermatiophores
variously branched, subcylindric or ventricose ; spermatia filiform, cylindric, straight or somewhat
curved.
In the course of this study, it became necessary to examine the types of species described by
Thomas Taylor, since the microscopic characters have never been adequately described, As most of
them originally came from the Auckland Island group which has a flora very similar to that of
Macquarie Idand, they have been included in the following key.
Apothecia typically scarlet, sometimes very pale yellow (albino forms) or blackened ; paraphyses
I
not thickyled at tlie tip ; spermogonia cylindrical . . . . . . COCCIFERA~
Scyphiferous .
Podetia with powdery granular soredia above, R yellow; chondro:d axis 9Op thick; Auckland
aiid Macquarie . . . . . . . . . . C. subdigitata
Podetia with corticate verrucae above, not truly sorediose, K yellow fusescent, P bright
yellow to orange ; chondroid axis 150p thick ; Auckland Island . . C. rigida
/ /. Not scyphiferons ; podetia with corticate isidioid verrucae above (resembling the phyllocladia
, ;/ of Stereocaulon), K-, P slowly orange then ferruginous ; chondroid axis 75p ; " Islands
of the Pacific" . . . . . . . . . . C. acuto
I
Apothecia brown, sometimes quite dark but not black ; paraphyses thickened at the tip, cutting off
characteristic cells; spermogonia usually ovoid ; podetia with relatively thin walls; axils and
cups imperforate or very rarely perforate . . . . . . . . OCHROPHAEAE
Primary thallus early evanescent, podetia yellowish green ; apothecia small, peltate, constricted
at base, light brown . . . . . . . . . . . . C. capitellata
Primary thallus usually persistent ; podetia greyish ; apothecia not peltate or constricted at the
base.
Apothecia conglomerate; podetial axis sublacerate, K yellow fuscescent, P- or only very
faint yellow ; Falkland Islands . . . . . . . . C. zlstulata