LICHENS AND LICHEN. PARASITES

182 B.A.N.Z. ANTARCTIC RESEAIZCB EXPEDITION
Type : Kerguelen, Christmas Harbour, J. D. Hooker (Voy. " Erebus & Terror ") in Taylor
Herb., fragment in Tnclr. IIerb. sheet 3,163 in Farlo\\? IIerbari~ull at Harvard University.
Tuckerman annotated sheet 3,163 as follows : " Thallus radiculosus, durus. Sporae crassiores !
incolores, oblongo-ovoideae, 4-locnlares, 20-25 X 7-9p. Paraphyses aggregatae. Hypothezium
i~igrofuscesceils. "
Thallns snbfrnticosns, aggregatus ad 2.5 cm. diametro, et ad 5 mm. altitndine, apicibus
ramornm crnstam verrncosam efformantibus, verrncae applanatae vel subqnamosae, stipites
argillacei; cortex circiter 25p crassitndine, hyphis pericliiialibns gelifactis; stratum algarnm
circiter 150p crassitndine, protococcoideum, cellulis in dimidio superiore densissimis, inferiore
sparsis; medulla circiter 200p crassitndine, hyphis dimidio esteriore laxissime, interiore densius
contestis, circiter 2p diametro.
Apothecia aggregata conflnentia, terininalia in apicibns ranlorum brunnea vel iiigra convexa,
iminarginata ad 2 mm. dian~etro ex parathecio apotheciornm senescentium proliferantia ; amphithecinm
texturae thalli simile; parathecinm hyphis gelifactis, dichotomis iloil belle a paraphysibus
clifferentiatis ; hypothecium obconicnm 180p altitudine bruniienm, hyphis verticalibus, tenuibus ;
thecium circiter 165p altitudine hyalinnm superne viridi-nigricans ; paraphyses tennes, dichotome
ramoeae, septatae, apicibns non inflatis; asci clavati, 130 X 30p; ascosporae octonae, tu~ise~iales,
fusifarmes elongatae, 3-5-septatae, 20-30 X 5-7p.
Thallns dwarf frnticose, forming dense tufts abont 2.3 cin. diametcr and about 5 min. tall,
tips of branches forming a verrucose crust, some of the verrncae applanate to allnost sqnamose, stems
clay colonr with some of the subfoliose ver'rucae tea-green; cortex about 25p thick, of gelified
clisiiltegratiilg pericliiial hyphae ; algal layer about 150p thick, protococcoid, cells densely paclrerl
in the upper half, more scattered below; medulla about 200p thick, the outer half of very loosely
woven slender hyphae abont 2p in diameter, mnch denser within.
Apothecia terminal on the ends of thalline branches (appearing as a lobed, very thiclr and
coilvex browilish apothecium), aggregate and conflueat often appearing as a single large convex,
immarginate, blaclr apotheciuin np to 2 mm. in diameter, but in sections the individual apothecia
are separated by thin algal layers, apparently proliferating from the paratheciuin of the old
apothecium; amphitheciuni similar in structure to that of the thallns; pmathecium of slender,
paraphysiform hyphae imbedded in a gel arising from the outer margin of the hypothecinm and
spreading flabellately above, dichotomously branched, not sharply differentiated from the
paraphyses; hypothecinm obconic, 180p tall, brownish, of slender vertical hyphae which pass
into the paraphyses and asci above; thecinm about 165p tall, hyaliiie becoming greenish black
above ; paraphyses slender, dichotomously branched and more closely septate above, tips pot iiiflated
ending in the dark gyeen epithecial gel; asci 8-spored, clavate, 130 X 20p; ascospores uuiseriate
long fnsiform, 4-6-celled, 20-30 X 5-7p. [Onr spores may be immature as they are still in the
ascns.]
The systematic position of this species is somewhat doubtful. It might be considered as a
very reduced Stereocaulon, but the spores of this genus are much smaller, and reduced Stereocuulu
are seldom fertile. The preseiice of algae betweenthe apothecia and the dwarf fruticose thallus with
its disintegrating, almost amorphous, gelifled cortex and its large 4-6-celled spores all point to
Tl~arnnolew~nia,, previously knm only from the Graham Land Archipelago. Except for the algae
between the apothecia, visible only by microscopic sections, it might be considered a species of
Toninia as did Tuclrerman, although I know of no species with such a thick verrucose thallus and
this type of cortex.
Kerguelen, Christmas Harbour, J. D. Hooker (Voy. "Erebus & Terror") in Taylor Herb.
and Tuckerman Herb.