LICHENS AND LICHEN. PARASITES

DODGE--LICHENS AND LICHEN PARASITES 79
Thallus foliose, appressed, or with ascending margins, tending to be attached at a single
point, then somewhat erect aiid subfmticose wilh a more or less well developed system of rhizoids
ll~lo\~; cortex on both surfaces, usually psendoparenchymatous, often with a tomentogenous
]aver more or less developed on both surfaces ; algae protococcoid or Nostocaceous, medulla arachiioid;
the lo\ver cortex, rarely the upper instead, abundantly pierced by a more or less highly
developed system of pores or cracks to facilitate respiration.
Apothecia hemiangiocarpous, scattered over the upper surface or marginal, sessile or somewhat
stalked, with a corlex of large-celled pseudoparenchyma and a medulla, either with or without
algae; paraphyses well developed, unbranc!ied, septate, tips often slightly clavate, ending in
a coloured epithecial gel; ascospores fusiform to acicular, 2- to several-celled.
Spermogonia marginal, spermatia short, straight ; stylospores rare.
Only a single genus, Pse~rdocyphellariu has been found in our area.
PSEUDQCYPHELLARIA Vainio.
PseudocypheUaria Vainio, Etude Lich. Bresil, 1, 182; 1890.
I Crocodk Link, Qrundriss der Krauterkunde, 3, 177 ; 1833.
Sticta Clements & Shear, Gen. Fungi, 322 ; 2931 non diorzcm.
Type: none mentioned by Vainio who includes P. azcraja and P. azirvra. Since P. a?crata
(Ach.) Vainio is the more widespread, older and better known species, it may be taken as the
type. Clements & Shear selected this species as the type of Stictc~ Schreb., although it does not
fit Schreber's description which calls for white cyphellae, while S. azirata has yellow pseudocyphellae.
It was not described until 1803, so that it callnot have entered into the concept of the
genus by any of the earlier authors. They also imply that the species has brown 2-celled spores, if it
is to be typical of their genus Sticta, althongh in the large numbers of specimens of this species
which I have seen, I have never found it fertile. It seems likely that they obtained their information
from Tuckerman's Synopsis where he mentions that Cuban and Brazilian specimens
(which he doubtfully referred to this species and which all belong to S. clathrata) have such
spores. Judging from Zahlbruckner's Catalogue, this genus should probably be called Crocodia
which was apparently based on Sticta aurata Ach., but I hesitate to change existing nomenclature
without a study of Link's original description, which has not been available.
Thallus foliose, ascending or rarely appressed, both upper and lower cortex of pseudoparenchyma,
with pseudocyphellae and rhizinae below.
This genus is predominantly found in the southern hemisphere with comparatively few
species in the American tropics.
,
PSEUWCYPHBLLARIA QLABRA Dodge, comb. nov.
Sticta glabra Hook. f. & Tayl., London Jour. Bot., 3, 647 ; 1844.
Sticta Preycinetii Hook. f. t Tayl., Crypt. Antarct., 86; 1845. non a!.
Sticta. Preycinetii v. glabrescens Miill.-Arg., Flora 66, 23; 1883.
Type: none designated, specimens mentioned from Lord Auckland's group, Campbell
Island, Falkland Islands, Cape Horn and Tasmania. J. D. Hooker later noted that this species
was a mixture of S. Preycinetii and S. De!isea. If I interpret the handwriting correctly, Tucker-
man did not annotate the specimens in Taylor's herbarium, althongh the handwriting is inter-
mediate between that of Taylor and of Tdckerman in several particulars. The material is very
variable in external appearance. One specimen from Lord Auckland's group has very narrow