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DODGE-<strong><strong>LICHEN</strong>S</strong> <strong>AND</strong> <strong>LICHEN</strong> PAF8ASITES 145<br />
Apothecia terminal, about 1 mm. in diameter, black, lecideine; cortex fastigiate, somewhat<br />
brownish, outer 35p decomposing and hyaline, the subparathecial tissue a continuation of the<br />
chondroid axis with hyphae more loosely woven through which are irregularly branching hyphae<br />
co~ered with brownish crystals, growing out from the parathecium; parathecium 95-100~ thick,<br />
dark brown to nearly carbonaceous below the hypothecium, merging with the amphithecial cortex<br />
above, with a greenish pigment diffusing into the tissues below (when mounted in lacto-phenol) ;<br />
hypothecium scarcely differentiated, brownish : thecium 60-65p tall ; paraphyses very slender,<br />
unbranched, tips clavate, dark brown, abont 5~ in diameter forming a dark brown epithecinm about<br />
lor thick; asci cylindric, 36 X 18p thick-walled with truncate protoplast when young, becoming<br />
thin-walled with protoplast filling the ascus at maturity; ascospores narrowly ellipsoid and 2-celled<br />
when young, becoming Ccelled and finally with one or two longitudinal septa in the central cells at<br />
maturity, 20-25 X P5r, slightly brownish.<br />
Kerguelen: Christmas Harbour, 61,200 ft., J. D. Hooker (Voy. "Erebus & Terr0r1')'in Taylor<br />
Herb. at Farlow Herb., Harvard UniveriGty.<br />
Crozet Archipelago, Possession Island, American Cove, side of main -valley, a half mile from<br />
beach, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. B27-1.<br />
UMBILICARIACEAE.<br />
Thallus foliose, monophyllous or polyphyllous, attached to the substrate by a central hapteron,<br />
heteromerous, corticate on both surfaces, underside smooth or rhizinose ; medulla of coarse, hyaline<br />
hyphae, often loosely woven; algae protococcoid (Trmtephlia in Dermatisoum) ;. apothecia<br />
appressed, sessile or almost stalked ; amphithecium present or absent ; parathecium carbonaceous,<br />
we11 developed (except where an amphithecium is present), disc smooth, stellate or gyrose plicaie ;<br />
asci 1-8-spored ; ascospores hyaline or brown, unicellular, Scelled or muriform, with a thin wall.<br />
The division of this family into genera and smaller subdivisions presents serious problems.<br />
Since most of the Antarctic material is sterile, u7e have referred it to Undi!ica*.ia, the oldest name<br />
in the group, without attempting to reach a decision on the various current proposals for segregation.<br />
The structure of the spermogonia suggest a much closer relation to the Parmeliacae and<br />
Physciaceae than to the lecideine series (Lecideaceae-Cladoniaceae) where it has been placed by<br />
Zahlbruckner.<br />
Apothecia lecideine or absent ; algae protococcoid . . . . . . . . Umbilicarh<br />
Apothecia lecanorine, at least when young<br />
Ascospores unicellular, hyaline . . . . . . . . . . Ontphalodium<br />
Ascospores 2-celled<br />
-4cospores hyaline; algae Proto~occus . . . . . . . . Charcotia<br />
Ascospores brown ; algae Trentepohlia . . . . . . . . Dermadiscum<br />
UMBILICARIA Hoffm.<br />
Umbilicaria Hoffm., Descr. Adumbr. P1. Lich., 1, 9 ; 1789.<br />
Type : None designated, U. exueperata and U. cirrosa were described.<br />
Thallus foliose, mono- or polyphyllous, attached to the substrate by a central hapteron,<br />
l~eteromerous, nnderside smooth or rhizinose; upper cortex pseudoparenchymatous, commonly<br />
covered by a much thinner amorphous layer of dead cells ;.algae protococcoid ; medulla arachnoid,<br />
lower cortex pseudoparenchymatous, sometimes from a palisade of hpphae with isodiametric cells.
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