LICHENS AND LICHEN. PARASITES

;1 B.A.N.Z. ANTARCTIC RESEARCH EXPEDlTION
atis. Apothecia ill areolis assiinilaiitibus imiriersis, disco thallo coiicolore; aiii1)liithcciiua paratheciumquc
dcsuiit ; hypotheciuin vix distinctuin, hyphis subverticalibus; thecium ad 35,~ altitudine
; paraphyses tenues, wptatae, bis dichotom ae super ascos, ramis submoniliformibus ; asci
clavati, apice incrassato, ca. 30 X 8p; ascosporac octonac, hyaliiiae, longc cllipsoideae, circiter
8 X 3p. 4
Thallus covering areas up to 2 cm. in cliameter, hypot,hallus cartridge buff iii shatled areas,
shacliilg to browiiisli olivc i11 csposecl portions, wargin smooth, determinate, fibrous, assimilative -
arcoles 0.1-0.2 mill., subspherical aiid somewhat scattered riear the margin, to 0.5 min., some-
\\.hat flattened and cerebriform, deiisrly crowded in the centre, cream buff to chamois in shadctl
portions, brown olivc in exposed portions; hypothallns about 100r thick, of coiiglutiiiate clark
brown, bhick-walled hyphae, about 4r iii cliameter in interwove11 strands, agglutinate to the substrate
below, the outer hyphac somewhat lighter ; assimilative areoles corticate with a single layer
of isodiametric cells when youiig (as in Leptogizim), disappeariiig at maturity; algae filling the
areole when young the coloilies separated by iiarro\v plates of slender, hyaliiie, medullary
hyphae, forming a layer about 15r thick at the surface, of hyaline, thin-walled, more or less
isodiametric cells; colonies variable in size and shapc, evidently St,igonanla, but filaments short
in the larger colonies, with only a few cells in the smaller colonies; filaments about 15r in
diameter, cells of varying length in the older portions, much smaller in the rapidly growing
younger portions.
Apothecia immersed in the assimilative areoles, disc concolorous [the single fertile areoli:
looks like a convex biatoriile apothecium] amphithecium arid parathecium not differentiated;
hypothecium scarcely differentiated, of hyaline, subvertical hyphae, continuous with the medullary
hyphae, resting on algal colonies; thecium about 35,~ tall; paraphyses slender, closely septate,
about twice dichotomous above the asci, branches submoniliform, imbedded in the thecial
gel; asci clavate, tips slightly thickelled and protoplasts mammilla.te when young, about 30 X 8p,
$-spored; ascospores hyaline, long ellipsoidal, about 8 )( 3r.
On granite, with Toninia Johnstoni, U.mbilic.a~ia Hz~nteri, Churcotia cerebrifornbis,
%,ecu.mra czsz6lai7ts and its v. minor, Tkamnolecunda. Mawsoni and Parntelia J0hnstcm.i.
King George B Land: Cape Denisori, A.A.E. 121, 122, 123, 124; B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. R536-I.,
536-2, 536-3, 5364, 536-5.
MacRobertson Land : Cape Bruce, R.A.N.Z. A.R.E. B108-2, B108-3, type.
Another sterile thallus with Stigone,nu from MacRobertsoll Land, gro\rriiig over clead
niosses, without reproductive organs inay be another Heppiu sp.
PANNARIACEAE.
Thallus squamose or foliose, not gelified; hypothallus and rhizinae usually highly developed,
heteromerous; cortex of erect, irregular, or periclinal hyphae (absent in Leprocollemu), usually
rnore or less pseudoparenchymato~~s; medulla usually well developed; with Nostoc, Scytonema,
or Dactylococcus algae; lower cortex of thick-walled, periclinal hyphae, often thin or wholly
abseht. Apothecia marginal or scattered over the upper surface, biatorine or lecanorine; paraphyses
unbranched ; asci $-spored ; ascospores h yaline, unicellular, rarely 24-celled ; spermatia
short, straight.
Ecoi-ticate, homoeomerous or nearly so . . . . . . . . . . Leprocollenta
Upper cortex pseudoparenchymatous frcm more or less vertical hyphae; medulla of loosely
woven hyphae . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . Paurnria
Upper cortex of septate periclinal hyphae which may simulate pseudoparenchyma; medulla of
periclinal, conglutinate hyphae, appearing pseudoparenchymatous . . Coccocarpia