LICHENS AND LICHEN. PARASITES

DOD(:IS--LlCIII.:NS Ah'l) LICIIEN PARASITES 39
sztbms.soztie~zs, Rltizocnt.pon kergudense, Pertusuriu ~ineru~riu,, Aspkiliu entlockloru, Le&tinoru
nfrocaesia, Aspicilwpsis n~ucrophthulnta, Plueops-is bicolor and Pyrenotlesntiu vitellinellu..
The measurements give11 by Crombie and Zahlbrucltner for the thecium and asci are somewhat
larger than in our material while the spore measurements agree well. Muller-Argau's report of
V. cezttllocarpu was based on a specimen from Castle Motult, 2,000 ft., Naumaiui ("Gazelle" Exp.),
i11 which no spores were seen. Siiice V. ceuthocarpa was described from maritime roclrs, wet by
spray, i11 Norway, it seems tulliltely that Nanmaiiir's collection belongs to that species.
Kerguelen : upper end of Greenland Harbour, E.A.N.Z.A.R.E. H177-2, B177-3, H1774 ;
Observatory Bay, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. B192-1, B192-2, B192-3, B1924 ; Murray Island,
B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. B210-1 (very old specimen).
VERRUCARIA (EUVERRUOA~IA) WERTHII Zahlbr.
Verrz~caria (Ez~verrucariu) IVcrthii Zahlbr., Deutsche Sudpolar Exp., 8, 31 ; 1906.
? Verrzccu&l uethwbola Crombie, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., 15, 193; 1876. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.
[Loi~clon] , 168, 52; 1879. Rept. Sci. Results J70y. "Challengcr " Bot., 1, 2, 240 ; 1885 : 11011
Ach.
Type : Kerguelen, Penguin Bay, Werth (Deutsche Siidpolar Exp.).
Thallus thin, tartareous, minutely rimose subareolate, olive buff and light mineral grey to
olive brown and clove brown with a darker line at the margin, K- ; cortex not clearly differentiated,
but the hyphae of the thallus are more or less vertical, forming a palisade at the surface, which is
very dark and somewhat decomposed; algae palmelloid, cells more or less angular, 9-llp in
diameter. Perithecia immersed when young, erumpent and becoming sessile, spherical at first,
much flattened in age, 0.3-0.5 mm., involucrellum 75-85p thick, becoming 150p thick below the
perithecium but not extending far under it; peritheciel wall of periclinal hyphae, merging with
the ii~volucrellum at the sides, 21-25p thick below, outer hyphae hyaline, inner 7-8p deep brown
to blaclr ; periphyses extending down the sides of the perithecium, merging with the hypothecium
below, moniliform, 35p long, slender; hypothecium covering only the base of the perithecium,
about 35p thick, of closely packed, vertical hyphae, appearing almost pseudoparenchymatous;
paraphyees slender, branched, so011 evanescent ; asci 30-35 X 10-12p (somewhat immature)
8-spored ; ascospores 12-15 X 7-8p, ellipsoid, hyaline, unicellular, thin-walled.
On rocks with Verrucaria; tmssllatula, Phyllopyrenk tessellata, Lecidea Eatod, Mykoblutus
stephanodes, Pertusaria kergzcelana, Aspiciliopsis macrophthalma, and Buellia sdplicata.
Kergnelen : Greenland Harbour, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. B177-11, B204-1, B2042 ; mainland off
Murray Island, Sta. 62, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. B246-1; Observatory Bay, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. B192-5,
B192-6 (immature).
VERRUCARIA (LITHOICEA ) AETHIOBOLIZA Nyl.
Verrucasia (Lithoicea) aethhboliza Nyl., C. R. Acad. Sci., 81, 726; 1875.
Type : St. Paul Island, bottom of the crater, G. de 1'Isle (Miss. Observ. Pass. Vknus), not seen.
The following description is baaed on a specimen from Heard Island which is referred here as it
has all the characters of Nylander's very brief description.
Thallus thin, 185-190r thick, crustose, uniform, minutely rimulose areolate, greyish olive to
deep greyish olive when dry; outer layer 15p thick of minute spherical cells appearing as a more
or less decomposed cortex ; algal layer about 40p thick, a palisade of chains of algal cells, probably
Palmella, between rows of vertical hyphae below which are irregular black masses apparently the
proliferation of the hypothallus, interspersed with masses of hyaline tissue containing occa-