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DODGE-<strong><strong>LICHEN</strong>S</strong> <strong>AND</strong> <strong>LICHEN</strong> <strong>PARASITES</strong> 215<br />
crassitudine, hyphis pachydermeis. 6-7p diainetro deuse sub strato algarum contextis, laxe sub<br />
parathecio, acicularibus cum crystallis aggregatis inter hyphas ; parathecium ca. 55y crassitudine,<br />
hyalinum, subgelifactumque, hyphis tenuibus dense contestis ; hypothecium circa 55p crassitudine,<br />
hyphis leptodermeis periclinalibus sublaxe contextis; thecium 90p altitudine ; paraphyses tenues,<br />
pachydermateae, septatae, bis vel ter dichotome super ascos ramosae, apicibus non incrawatis ; asci<br />
cylindrico-clavati, 4045 X 15-18p ; ascosporae 6-8nae (raro 4nae), hyalinae, ellipsoideae, unilocnlares,<br />
8-10 X 6-8p. Spermogonia non visa.<br />
Thallus erect, rigid, %bout 6 cm. tall, spreading about 10 cm., terete, 2 mm. in diameter at the<br />
base, branching more or less\~ichotomous, at right angles, branches curved, the ultimate branches<br />
very strongly so, about 1 mm. in diameter ; decorticate, showing the blackened axis at the base, above<br />
tawny to russet in sheltered positions, surfaygrlull but not pruinose, densely beset with minute<br />
tubercles which rupture as soredia, the ultimate branches with conspicuous tubercles which rupture<br />
and erode as yellow soredia, the whole finally more or less blackened and weathered ; cortex very<br />
variable in thiclrness in the same cross section, up to 90,u thick, a palisade of slender hyphae, not<br />
more than 2p in diameter, branching and more closely septate above, imbedded in a gel withont<br />
crystals, sometimes reduced to a clear gel 12,~ thick or overlain with small colonies of algae similar<br />
to those within the thallus, but with smaller cells; algal layer 150-180p thick, bright orange in<br />
reflected light, yellowish green by transmitted light, algal cells cylindric or somewhat angular from<br />
mutual pressure, in filaments radiating from the chondroid axis, or cells more or less separated by<br />
dense, slender, very thick-walled medullary hyphae about 4p in diameter, heavily incrusted with<br />
relatively large crystals near the axis; chondroid axis slightly elliptic in cross section, 250 X 350p<br />
in diameter (in branch sectioned) of conglutinate, thick-walled longitudinal hyphae, separated by<br />
.$rands of more or less horizontal hyphae.<br />
Bpothecia sessile on the larger branches. up to 1 cm. in diameter, contorted, margin more or<br />
less inflexed a@ splitting into petaliform lobrs, exciple eciliate, smooth, shining with numerous<br />
breathing pores which expand in the old apothecia into eroded, circular soralia, disc concave to ,<br />
iri~egular, deep brown to almost black; amphithccial cortex 40p thick, fastigiate, of slender, thick<br />
walled septate hyphae, the tips bending at nearly right angles and running periclinally a short<br />
distance in the hyaline outer gel (about 7-10p thick), the upper half heavily coated with brownish<br />
, crystals, appearing as a brownish zone in section, the inner half with few crystals; algal layer<br />
abo~~t 100p thick, of densely packed cells; medulla about 150p thick, of thick-walled hyphae, 6-7p<br />
, inhiameter, rather densely woven next the algal layer and loose with large air spaces next the para-<br />
' /<br />
tldwiurn, with dense aggregations of hyaline, acicnlar crystals between the hyphae below the algal<br />
layer ; parathecium about 55:~ thick, hpaline, somewhat gelified, of slender, densely woven hyphae,<br />
the upper 15p staining deeply, thinning abruptly where it meets the amphithecial cortex and not<br />
reaching the top of the thecium ; hypothecium about 35p thick, of slender thin-walled, periclinal<br />
hyphae rather loosely woven and staining deeply ; thecium 90p tall; paraphyses slender, thickwalled,<br />
closely septate, especially above where they are twice or thrice dichtomous above the asci,<br />
tips not thickened, cutting off minute spherical cells in the epithecial gel which is hyaline, about<br />
7p thick; asci cylindric-clavate, 4045 X 15-lap, walls thick when young, protoplast with a long<br />
apiculus, thin-walled when mature, 6-8-spored, rarely 4-spored; ascospores hyaline, unicellular,<br />
ellipsoidal 8-10 )! 6-8p. Spermogonia not seen.<br />
There is also a group of sterile specimens, somewhat smaller and more densely branched,<br />
agreeing with this species in microscopic structure. They are parasitized ( ?) by a brown myceli~~m<br />
which completely replaces the algal and medullary layers, giving rise to apotheciiform, convex<br />
black structures about 2 mm. in diameter. Over these the cortical hyphae have thinner walls with
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