LICHENS AND LICHEN. PARASITES

84 B.A.N.Z. ANTARCTIC RESEARCH EXPEDITION
Thallus crnstose, simple, continuous, areolate, verrueose or sqnamulose (in sect. Psoru),
attachccl to the substrate by the hyphae of the hypothallus or of the medulla, without true
rhizinae, ecorticate or with a thin portex, sometimes sorecliose, very rarely with true soralia or
cephaloclia ; algae Protococcl~s. Apothecia ronnd 01- anglecl by mutual pressure, exceptionally
slightly elongate, immersed, sessile or with n very short stalk, with hyaline, coloured or blaclr
parathecium of closely woven hyphae which may or may not be continuous below the hypotheciun~,
cpithccium bright colourcil or black; hypothecium hyaline; paraphyses inconspicuously
branched but not anastomosing, with more or less thiclreiled tips; asci usually 8-, rarely 16-spored;
ascospores hyaline, unicellular, small, spherical, ovoicl, ellipsoicl or allantoid, straight or somewhat
cnrvecl, usually nith a thin ~vall. Sperinogonia immersed, with a dark ostiolc, spherical; sperlnatia
short cylilidric to filiform, straight or curved.
Parathecium not eontinuons under the hypothecium
Par~thecium hyaline or bright coloured
Apothecia immersed (see Aspicilia).
Apothecia sessile
Ascospores 12-13 X 31p ; paratheci~~m clcep green ; apothecia convex, almost immarginate
. . . . . . . . . . I;. Sancti-Pazrli
Ascospores 11-15 X 6-7p; parathccium hyaline; apothecia plane or somewhat concave
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I;. variatula
Ascospores 14-15 X 10-1lp; parathecimn slightly hro~vnish ; apothecia concave
L. &lcizosoni
Parathecium carbonaceous, well deve!oped
Apothecia innate, thallns w~hitisl~, T< yellow tlten bloocl red; ascospores 10-12 X 7-8p
L. subdisjz~ny2ienda
Apothecia sessile
Thallus fuliginous, thecinm yellowish; ascospores 8-10 X 7p . . L. asbolodes
Thallus white or ashy
Thallus I