LICHENS AND LICHEN. PARASITES

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B.A.N.Z. ANTARCTIC RESEARCH EXPEDITION BUELLIA HUEI Dodge, nom. nov. Thallus chalky-ashy with rufescent mar- gins, areoles 0-5-1 mm., 30045OP thick, hypothecium I blue v. rr~fescens Thecium 80-110p thick Cortex 12-15 (-20)p thick, areoles 500- 700 (-l,OOO)lr thick, the upper 100- 120p hyaline; the rest of vertical dark hyphae; ascospores 14-20 X 8-10-5 (-12)p . . . . B. endon~elaenc~ Cortex 15p thick, areoles thin; ascospores 9-11 X 6-7p . . B. @carpa Cortex 25-30p thick, areoles 300350r thick with only narrow dark zone below; ascolspores 14-18 X 8-5-10.5p B. Charcoti Cortex 3040p thick, areoles 180-260H thick with broad dark zone below ; ascospores, 12-17 X 7-9p . . ,B. Jmnnae Lecidea radians Hue, Lich, 2me Exp. Antarct.Fran~., 117; 1915 non Harm., 1898. Buellia radians Darb., Brit. Antarct. Exp. 1910, Nat. Hist. Rept. Bot., 3, 64; 1923 non Lettau, 1912. Type : Booth-Wandel Island, Jeanne Hill 30-100 m., on diorite, Gain 116. BUELLIA BABINQT~NII (Hook. I. Tayl.) Lamb in litt., comb. nov. Lecidea atroalba Hook f. & Tayl., London Jour. Bot., 3, 636; 1844. Lecanora Babingtvnii Hook. f. & Tayl., Crypt. Antarct., 229; 1845 : F1. Antarct., 2, 535 ; 1847. Lecidea australissima Nyl., MBm. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, 5, 123; 1857 (nom. nud.) ; Nyl. in Hue, Nouv. Arch. Mus. III,3,139 ; 1891 [Lich. Exot. 221 ; 18921. Buellia australissima Zahlbr., Cat. Lich. Univ., 7, 458; 1931. Type: Graham Land, Cockburn Island, J. D. Hooker (Voy. " Erebns & Terror"). L. australissima based on duplicate of same collection in Paris. Unfortunately I have been unable to see the type. Hooker f. & Taylor mention a very thin, evanescent thalline margin, hence it may belong in Rinodiw. Its 2-celled brown spores remove it from both Lecidea and Lecanora of present usage. BU~LIA JOHNSTONI Dodge, sp. nov. Type : King George V Land, Cape Denison, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. 536-31, on Lecanora exsulans. Thallus ambiguus, cortex non bene evolutns, cellulis algarum exteris, paucis, hyphis medullaribus tectis; algae cystococc~icleae, ad lop diametro, solitariis, paucis; medulla hyphis hyalinis pachydermeis, 4p diametro, dense contextis. Apothecia nigra, 0.3-0.4 mm. diametro, sessilia, disco plano vel convexiusculo, margine non prominulo ; parathecium inferne 40p crassitudine, in lateribus ad 30p tenuescens, obscure brunneum, hyphis leptodermeis periclinalibus ; hypothecium
DODGE-LICHENS AND LICHEN PARASITEE' 240 non bene evolutum ; thecium 55-6OP altitudine ; paraphgses tennes, super ascos dichotome ramosae, ccllulis terminalibns nigro-brunneis, ad 4 ,~ diamet ro ; asci clavati, incrassati, protoplastis truncatis, late mamillatis, ca. 35 X 8 ~ ascosporae ; octonae, oblique monostichae vel distichae, obscure brnnneae, biloculares, ellipsoideae, septo non constrictae, 10-12 X 5-6~. Thallils ambiguous, cortex not differentiated, the outermost algal cells protected by one to a few layers of medullary hyphae; algae cystococc~id, up to 1 2 in ~ diameter, mostly eolitary and relatively few ; medulla of closely woven, hyaline, thick-walled hyphae about 4p in diameter, forming a cushion under the apothecium. Below what seems to be the thallus proper of the Buellia, apparently the thallus of the host has been stimulated to elongation of the medullary hyphae, forming a thick reticulate laxer, about 6OP thick, without algal cells, covered by a thin cortex, lor. thick, of disintegrating fastigiate h;7rp?lae, and a lower medullary layer of anastomosing subvertical hyphae, thin-walled, about 6~ in diameter. Dark brown hyphae from the base of the parathecium, about 5~ in diameter, singly or in loose strands, penetrate the medulla of the host thallus. Apothecia black, 0.3-0-4 mm. in diameter, sessile, flat or slightly convex, margin black, not prominent ; parathecium 4OP thick below, thirning to 3OP at the sides, dark brown, of thin-walled periclinal hyphae, closely septate below and appearing almost pseudoparenchymatous, slightly illrolled above, but not extending above the thecium; hypothecium scarcely differentiated; thecium 55-6OP thick; paraphyses slender, dichotomously branched above the asci ; terminal cells spherical, dark brown, about 4~ in diameter, forming a dark brown epithecium about 8~ thick; asci clavate, wall and tip thickened, protoplast truncate, broadly mamillate, becoming thin-walled, about 35 X 8p, &pored; ascospores obliquely aonostichous to distichous, dark brown, bilocular, ellipsoid ,or flattened on one side, mcxderatel~ thick-walled, not constricted at the septum, 10-12 X 5-6~. The interpretation of this species is not clear. Very little material is available. On the rpck, - a few pulvinate, very thin areoles, 0.1-0.2 mm. in diameter, *nearly covered with a single apothecium each, are visible. On the thallus of Lecanora exmlans close to them, the thallus seems A still further reduced to about 0.1 mm. in diameter and is mostly covered by the much larger apothecium. The surface of the Lecanora exsu!ms in the vicinity of the Buellia apothecia, is abnormally coarsely verrucose, verrucae about 0 ~ 15 mm. in diameter. Apparently we are dealing {with a species with a very reduced thallus which can survive alone, but which is a facultative j' f parasite. In the free livin-g phase, the apothecia are mostly 0.1 mm., very rarely up to 0.2 mm., while in the parasitic phase, the apothecia are mostly 0.2 mm. with some reaching 0-4 mm. in diameter. The almost complete disappearance of the algae in the vicinity of the brownish parasitic hyphae, and that the dying algal cells are about 1 2 in ~ diameter, suggests a facultative parasite rather than an obligate one. Hence we have preferred to describe this species in Bz~elliu rather than in Karschia, a segregate from Bue!lia for the obligate parasites. On the thallus of Lecanora Johnstoni is the same or perhaps another species of Buellia which shows a similar transition. The algae under the Bztellia apothecia appear cystococcoid, usually in tetrads or larger colonies, cells mostly 45,~ in diameter; parathecium and hypothecinm black and carbonaceous ; thecinm only 25-3OP tall ; paraphyses dichotomously branched above the asci ; epithecial gel fuliginous or darker; asci broadly clavate to almost ellipsoidal, 25 X 15~; ascospores immature in the asci A few ascospores 8-10 X 6-7~, bilocular, brown, constricted at the septum were seen floating in the preparation. I have been dnable to decide whether this Buellia is epiphytic with algae of its own, or whether it is parasitic, 'stimulating the host alga to divide more fre-
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or in discrete colonies of Trebwia;
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