LICHENS AND LICHEN. PARASITES

DODGE-LICHENS AND LICHEN PARASITES 233
Type: C. ,rlrirorunl (Hoffin.) Torilabene. (For discnssion, see Dodge & Ealrer; A1111. 310. Rot.
Gard., 25, 622 ; 1938).
Thallns crustos~, effigurate or lobed and subfoliose at the margin, mostly yellow, K purple,
hetero1nel.o~~; corticate on both surfaces; cortex pseudoparenchymatous, cells thin-walled; algae
protococcoid ; medulla arachnoid, of thin-walled hyphae. hpothecia round, appressed or sessile,
lecanoriiie ; amphithecium coiltailling cortex, algae al~d inedulla ; epithecinm grannlose or powdery
usually I< purple or violet; hypothecium hyaline, lying above the algal layer; paraphyses simple,
septate, capitatc; asci 8-spored; ascospores hyaline, ellipsoidal, polari-bilocular, cells oftell connected
by an isthmus. Sperniogonia immersed, with a hyaliiie wall; spermatiophores closely
septate; sperinatia short, straight, cylindric.
GASPARRINIA DEPAUPERATA (31iill .-ha.) Dodge, comb. nov.
\
A,nphi!o,n(r depctriperccfiint Miill.-Arg., Bot. Jahrb. [Eiigler], 1, 135 ; 1884.
Caloplacu dcpuliperclla Zahlbr., Deutsche Siidpolar Exp., 8, 51 ; 1906.
Type: Kergnelen, Betsy Cove, Nalimanli 203- (Voy. "Gazelle").
Thallus determinate, closely adnate, margin of thin, parallel lobes, central portioil diffract
areolate, areoles turgid aiid convex, with crenulate margins, smooth, shining, yellow ochre with
ailtimony yellow margins; cortex fastigiate, 25p thick, highly gelified, onter portioil darlreiied and
cpntaiiiing minute rock crystals; algae protococcoid, cells 10-3 2p in diameter.
Apothecia immersed in the areole at first: becoming sessile aiid coiistricted at the base, margins
slightly elevated, disc concave, flame scarlet; amphithecium 150-190p thick, cortex 90p thiclr. onter
portioil fastigiate, highly gelified with very slender protoplasts, inner portioii less gelified, of intcrwoven,
pericliiial hgphae with very thiclr walls and narrow Inmilla; algal layer 75-100p thiclr,
cells loose, with few hyphae between, intercellnlar air spaccs communicating with the outside
through a break in the cortex ; parathecium about 100p thiclr, of highly gelificcl slender hyphae,
periclinal belieath the hypothecium, spreading fan-wise at the level of the thecimn, onter 10-12p
heavily incrusted with minute crystals, appearing allnost b!aclr in sections ; liypotheciuin 35,~ thick,
of some\vhat larger, thin-walled, closely septate, inore or less subvertical hyphae, very deeply
staining; thecium 90-110p tall; paraphyses very slender, gelified, repeatedly dichotomonsly
branched just above the asci, brailches closely septate, cells of ultimate branches becoming moniliforni
and slightly larger, heavily incrusted with yellow crystals, imbedded in tlie yellowish epithecial
gel which is about 20p thick; asci somewhat fusiform at first becoming clavate. wall thin,
70-75 X 9-llp, 8-spored ; ascospores distichous, polari-bilocnlar, hya!ine, ellipsoidal, 9-13 X 5-7p.
The systematic position of this species is somewhat doubtful ; the highly developed parathecium
snrronndiiig the thecium aiid hypothecium suggests Kuttlingeria, especially if the horizontal
structure, here described as an amphithecium, is considered part of the thalline areole. but in
sevcral sections, the structure here described as amphithecial cortex rests on ailother algal layer,
separated by a thin, hyaline layer, here considered as the thalline cortex. There are very few
apothecin, inostly very young, in our material and I have hesitated to sacrifice more of them in an
attempt to decide this point. While we have not seen the type of this species, our material agrees
\lee11 with Miillel*-hrgau's description.
One specimen with a less well-developed parathecium, leaving the apothecium wholly immersed
in the thalline wart, which it nearly fills, has been referred here.
Heard Islalid: between Atlas Cove and Corinthian Bay, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. B140-11, B140-59,
R140-60.