LICHENS AND LICHEN. PARASITES

2 16 0.A.N.Z. ANTARCTIC RESEAliCH EXPEDITION
larger lumina and the upper 20r is so blackened that it is difficult to see microscopic details.
In this cortex, spermogonia are rather common, obpyriform, about 75p in diameter with a thin wall
of brownish hyphae; spermatiophores about 18 X lp, rarely once dichotomous, about 3-septate, bear-
ing spermatia at the septa; spermatia 7 ?! Ilk. inflated at one end, acute at the other, straight or
very slightly cnrved. As these spermogollja are the usual type in the genus Usnea, they are
thought to belong to the lichen and not to the parasite. So far I have observed no reproductive
structures in parasite, which consists of contorted, much branched, septate mycelium about
5-6r in diameter with dark brown walls.
Heard Island: between Atlas Cove and Corinthian Bay, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. B14011, type,
B14042, B14043, B140-44, B14045, E140-46, B14047, B140-48, B140-49.
Rnmalin~~ scop~dorum var. r Hook. f. & Tayl., Crypt. Antarct., 216,1845 : F1. Antarct., 2,622 ; 1847.
Ncl~ropogafi ntelasan-tkzu Crombie, Rept. Sci. Results Voy. "Challenger" Bot., 1,2, 233; 1885 p.p.
Type : Kerg~~elen's Land, Anderson, on dry granite rocks.
" Omnia varietatis 6 sed rigida, apotheciis apices versus laciiliarum coiifertis corrugatis
plerisque monstruosis. ' '
Var. 6 was described: "thallo flavo, dense fastigiate lineari-ligultato, 1-5 unciali, laciniis.
flaccidis, nunc pertusis pluries divisis acuminatis, glabratis punctisve pruinosis sparsis, apotheciis
ilullis . . . . Falkland Islands, and Cape Horn, on rocks near the sea."
From the above description, it is probable that this unnamed variety belongs in Usnea sect.
Neuropogon. Perhaps it is U. tmhycarpa, since Crombie did not include this species in his list,
although "apotheciis. . . . plerisque monstruosis"is suggestive of our U. floriforn~is where, however,
the apothecia are on the larger branches not toward the tips of the smaller branches. Neuropogon
melusanthzis as understood by Crombie inclndcd entities now recognized as several species, Only
a study of the original specimens can settle the identity of the unnamed variety r of Hook. f. 8: Tayl.
Ramnlina Ach., Lichenog. TJniv., 122 ; 1810.
Type: Acharins treated ten species, all of which are usually retained i11 this genus. The
selection of the type may well await fnrther monographic studies.
Thallus fruticose, erect or pendulous, attached by a hapteron, branches usually flattened,
rarely terete; completely corticate, cortex variable in structure; mechanical tissue usually below
the cortex, either in a continuous ring or variously broken up into strands, of longitudinal thick-
walled hyphae ; algae protococcoid ; medulla loosely v7oven, usually filling the interior, sometimes
confined to a zone below the algae, leaving a central cavity; apothecia terminal or lateral, peltate
or cup-shaped, lecanorine, disc light coloured ; paraphyses conglutinate ; asci 8-spored ; ascospores
hyaline, long ellipsoid to fusiform, straight or curved, thin-walled, usually two-celled. Spermo-
gonia with black or hyaline walls, more or leas immersed in the thallns; spermatiophoree exobasi-
dial, little branched ; spermatia cylindric, short.
This very large genus is badly in need of revision. It is very widely distributed in temperate
climates, usually in somewhat warmer climates than TJmea, so far found only on Riacquarie Island
in our area.