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PREY PROFITABILITY AND INTAKE RATE v,. nun '"•' mgs' Moriili Yeai Tune l.i.l ( ,,n: Hi nm - Mu, C.J/' /,.;. \;. a 22 Ceraslodemui 166 4.45 9 83 107 Bat etal. I995d lev 23 Ciitlsluilcrniti II 14 0.57 •i si 3000 I995cl lev 24 Cerasiodennu 33 274 2.08 1 '.- 5.00 41.4 15.50 250 i hv... Sum. Zuart- unpubl. dak 25 >,lenna .'s 317 1 74 80.3 56.95 Cio-.tilsl.ird 1977 was 26 derma II ii'- 0.60 7 66 13 C D Hulseher 1976 -a. J" 7 Cerastoderma '1 113 1.21 7 .... io C li Hulseher 1976 Kb 28 nit nun M 313 1.95 7 i.i, 150 < l» Hulscher 1976 Kb 29 •train ll II! 2.23 7 M, 4.00 54.4 17.47 450 I li llulsehel 1976 tcb Hi Cerastoderma 1" 76 1.40 s 61 4.76 66.0 15.83 '.SO V llulsehel unpubl. -.ii II Cerasloilcimii 25 117 2.Ill I'l SI I 4.50 67.(1 22.79 600 Hulscher unpubl. pat J2 23 118 1.49 s t 5 Kl 6.1.2 17 2.) 147 Ilulsiuaii unpubl. pat J3 Cerasioili'iniii 33 165 3.05 III -4 too 500 ( l-conolde/a/. 1989 1.-. 14 Ceru.si 33 365 111 84 mo 500 i LeopoU etal. 1989 in h 'ilermu « 165 2.19 III 84 5.00 500 i Leopold etal. 1989 in 36 i: rastodermo M IS- III -4 2.00 c Leopold*/a/. 1989 lev .17 Ceraslodernui 29 IS5 1.64 1(1 si i u i 500 c Leopolds a/. 1989 lev 38 >,/, nii.i :'i 185 1.77 III 84 -no -110 c Leopold e/../ 1989 lei LI 8 os: 10 87 7600 1 Meire 1 ooi in (, r.isitidcrma Cl 117 1.28 2 79 10 Suiheilaiid 1982a. b na 41 Cemstoderma ••ll 114 2.37 2 '., 25 Sutherland 19821 h m 4: Jrmiii •1 2.55 - '" 33 Sulherland 1982*. b ira 43 Cerastoderma 15 403 i 79 49 Sulherland 1982a. h tra 44 derma 10 209 2.25 : 7" 143 Sulherland 1982a. h i.a 43 Cerastoderma :4 95 1.57 - T'l 287 Suiherland 1982a. h tra 46 i: rastodenms 29 in: 1.87 - -., 442 Sulherland 1982a. b in 47 Cerastoderma 29 146 1.80 - 79 45(1 Sutherland 1982a. b tra M CerastiHlerma 26 114 1.5(1 2 7" 542 Suiherland 1982a. b Ira i" Cenuto Z'l 143 2.1X1 2 -.1 582 Sulherland 1982a, b tra 50 Ci-msUhJernui 28 124 1.97 2 -.. 598 Sutherland 1982a b Ba 51 d,-1,11,1 21, 120 1.77 : 79 ML. Suiherland 1982a. b tra 52 Earthworms 38 1.62 5 -4 B Ens unpubl. yet 53 Earthworms 21 0.49 '- SI II Ens unpubl. m 54 Earthworms 44 1.00 " B4 il 1 n- inipiihl. m 55 Earthworms $0 0.98 i: w, Hcpplcsion 1971 y* 56 Earthworms 197 1.80 . 77 15.00 33.1 32.17 II Hosper 1978 frl 57 Littorina IS 147 1/29 9/3 81/2 6.00 •n.s 25 58 D Bootes & Goss-Cusiard 1992 exe sa littorina IS 128 Ul i SI n Boates A Goss-CusBad 1992 eve -.! littorina IS 127 1.13 2 Bl 1) Bootes & Goss-Cuslurd 1992 exe 60 IJllorinu IS :-.. 0.85 i SI li Itisile. « (ioss-Custard 1992 exe (.1 littorina IS 166 1.16 •l SI 1) Bona .v. Ci,.ss-C'usiard 1992 exe 62 littorina ts |S(1 1.03 III SI 1) Boates & Ooss-I u-iord 1992 exe 63 littorina is 145 1.4(1 II -1 1) UoalesAlCi.iss. fusion! 1992 exe 64 littorina 18 154 1.76 12 si 1) Boafe*A (...--Cu-lard 1992 ne 65 54 2.70 4 B6 Bunskoeke el u/1996 sch 66 Macoma 59 1211 5 u li Hunskueki-Ma/1996 Kb 67 Macoma II. 54 2.90 6 86 II Bunskoeke el al 1996 sch .,. IS 7U i m 7 Hiiii-kockee'e/1996 icb 69 Macoma 18 45 :.(»i s -., Bunskoeke
PREY PROFITABILITY AND INTAKE RATE No Species mm " " • : lag-' Monrh Yeai lim, lied Cons Hi mn Mas Cap Lab Im ' 7i Hi l" 11(1 83 i 1 71 2.09 5 5 SM 79 6.07 90.9 B Ens era/. ts»«sl lex Hulseher 1987 pac 72 Mamma 17 83.1 2.67 5 7') B llul eherl982 pae 73 Macoma 18 74 2.21 6 66 5.50 85.0 37.19 B I) Hulseher 1982 nb 74 Mm oma 20 92 : ••: 6 66 II 17 100.0 1.42 I n Hulseher 1'is: -eh 75 Matt "'in 18 n. 1.47 B 63 4.58 76.5 18.54 V Hulseher 1982 Ui 76 Macoma li. 49 2J8 S Bl 1.02 76.0 7720 Hulseher 1982. unpubl. pae 11 Macoma 16 49 3.68 5 81 0.30 75.0 2.98 B Hulscher 1982. unpubl. pac 7s 79 SI) ,v/ Cayford & Goss-Custard 1990 eve ill Myrow 216 1.76 .' 56 9.00 75.0 42.77 V V Dniiuan 1958a .on 114 VlytiOB 26 56 1.58 12 S3 7.00 85.6 U US V v Dnnnan 1958a eon 4S 697 241 10 80 vK'l 66.5 22.44 1) Ens & Goss-Custard 1984 eve IK. •/i;,/;,. 42 606 239 10 so 3.60 89.5 30/04 s Ens & Goss-Custard 1984 eve 117 Ms lilies 38 2.25 10 HO 4.44 sa; 19.49 s Ens & Goss-Custard 1984 exe 205
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WADERS AND THEIR ESTUARINE FOOD SUP
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plia^ohi. WADERS AND THEIR ESTUARI
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Waders and their estuarine food sup
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WADERS AND THEIR ESTUARINE FOOD SUP
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figuren: Dick Visser omslagfoto: Ja
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15 Versatility of male curlews (Num
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That science is making progress, ma
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INTRODUCTION The remnants of brushw
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When hcnlhic bivalves extend llien
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the burrow depths and on the fracti
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INTRODUCTION Ms,i invest 409 of (he
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able lo sw itch 10 oiher prey which
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Long-term, broadly-based research c
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Chapter 1 SEASONAL VARIATION IN BOD
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SEASONAL VARIATION IN BODY WEIGHT O
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Tahle 1 Weight loss ('•- ± SE) m
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i 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 • INFESTED
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240- SEASONAL VARIATION IN BODY WEI
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20 10 0 -10 -20h 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 se
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a E 400 - S. plana 35 mm 320 240 16
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Chapter 2 HOW THE FOOD SUPPLY HARVE
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FOOD SUPPLY HARVESTABLE BY WADERS H
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Methods The study sites were situat
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less than that of bivalves, partly
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I Fig. 3). Peak condition was reach
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total biomass since most of those t
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on the basis of the preceding and t
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However, for obvious reasons, we ma
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prey. A decrease in the prey densit
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Tahle 2. The intake rate ol < lyste
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* ' % -. . ; a X - . - * • ^ •
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(Zwarts & Wanink 1989). In quiet we
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general law relating handling time
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nearly twice as much time (0.79 s).
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4 5 6 7 8 9 size class of Corophium
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and annually. Second, the lower siz
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Prey switching Waders feeding on ti
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autumn and spring, and the contrary
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where they switch to surface-living
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Chapter 3 BURYING DEPTH OF THE BENT
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DEPTH AND SIPHON CROPPING IN SCROBI
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I DEPTH AND SIPHON CROPPING IN SCRO
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DEPTH AND SIPHON CROPPING IN SCROBI
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Table 3. Three-Way analysis Of vari
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Chapter 4 SIPHON SIZE AND BURYING D
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15 20 size (mm) Fig. 3. Cerasioderm
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10 size (mm) SIPHON SIZE AND DEPTH
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o, 7 01 5 | * CL 5- SIPHON SIZE AND
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4 Q) Si •a a. 16- 20- A predator:
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prey risk for an animal al a depth
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Table 6. Size al which there is a m
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* ' 1 /-/ "».-^*«C
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face and so expose themselves to a
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surface in die containers was varie
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50 OOF 310.00 I 5.00 ^ 1.00 3=" 0.5
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Tahle 1. Macoma and Scrobicularia.
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siphon would not have to reach the
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known siphon weight and burying dep
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ACCESSIBLE PREY ARE OFTEN IN POOR C
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1 2 3 4 burying depth (cm) Kin. I.
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I—1 • • : : : : ! - ! -|-r 0
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Chapter 7 DOES AN OPTIMALLY FORAGIN
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OPTIMAL FORAGING AND THE FUNCTIONAL
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100 200 300 prey density (n-m-2) Fi
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Table I. Results of five one way an
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Table 2. Results of eight iwo-wav a
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prey density II III Fig. 12. Freque
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Page 149: PREY SIZE SELECTION AND INTAKE RATE
Page 152 and 153: Predicted 'passive size selection'
Page 154 and 155: lig. 2. Larger Mussels are less ava
Page 156 and 157: Fig. 5. Scrobicularia plana. Size c
Page 158 and 159: and maiiv are too thick-shelled to
Page 160 and 161: The measurements of handling time i
Page 162 and 163: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 probing depth (cm PRE
Page 164 and 165: valves may vary by a factor of two
Page 166 and 167: optimal foraging model, the minimum
Page 168 and 169: their gut is full? Do they reduce t
Page 171 and 172: PREY PROFITABILITY AND INTAKE RATE
Page 173 and 174: catchers to take only certain prey
Page 175 and 176: licult error of estimate arose if p
Page 177 and 178: Counts of feeding and non-feeding b
Page 181 and 182: 20 30 40 50 shell length (mm) PREY
Page 185 and 186: Nereis Arenicola tipuia earthwo'm M
Page 187 and 188: take rate. We might therefore expec
Page 189 and 190: prey species, using parallel slopes
Page 191 and 192: 5.0 4.0 1-3.0 a & • % * • * •
Page 193 and 194: time during the feeding period. As
Page 195 and 196: winter. Similarly, handling time in
Page 197 and 198: 5.0 - f-4.0 S 3.0 in I 20 a 2 a | 1
Page 199: situation arrived in the western pa
Page 203 and 204: • ' • 14 PREY PROFITABILITY AND
Page 205 and 206: Notes lo appendix: PREY PROFITABILI
Page 207: Chapter 10 WHY OYSTERCATCHERS HAEMA
Page 210 and 211: 2 4 6 8 10 time on feeding area (h)
Page 212 and 213: 80- 60- o 80 60- 40- 20- INTAKE RAT
Page 214 and 215: est of bod\ behind: an estimated 22
Page 216 and 217: INTAKE RATE AND PROCESSING RATE IN
Page 218 and 219: Wanink 1993). The energy content of
Page 220 and 221: (7) Age All studies dealt with adul
Page 222 and 223: irds over long periods. As an examp
Page 224 and 225: Discussion There is no difference i
Page 226 and 227: comparison between the weight of ih
Page 228 and 229: . 1', L ! •
Page 230 and 231: Introduction PREDICTING SEASONAL AN
Page 232 and 233: PREDICTING SEASONAL AND ANNUAL FLUC
Page 240 and 241: 1000 r 1 II" 1 - r^Jan'80 PREDICTIN
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PREDICTING SEASONAL AND ANNUAL FLUC
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IOO BO 60 40 20 0 PREDICTING SEASON
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WHY KNOT TAKE MEDIUM-SIZED MACOMA W
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in Zwarts & Esselink 1989). The len
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shell length (mm) FIR. 3. Peringia.
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fused, specimens larger than this w
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50 100- s s I — f = S. plana, n=2
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area is twice as large as the touch
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10 15 lower size threshold (mm) Fig
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lime (Hughes 1979). This would furt
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WHY KNOT TAKE MEDIUM-SIZED MACOMA T
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Chapter 13 ANNUAL AND SEASONAL VARI
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VARIATION IN FOOD SUPPLY OF KNOT AN
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Two sites (N and M in Fig. 2) were
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20 30 VARIATION IN FOOD SUPPLY OF K
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20 l i r'l ' i •o j^y^T n ^ ' " ^
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July ' Aug ' Sept Fig. 9. Proportio
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available. There must, however, be
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Chapter 14 SEASONAL TREND IN BURROW
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BURROWING AND FEEDING IN NEREIS SEA
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Table 2. Results of a 2-way analysi
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June 1981 June 1982 is * N.MUD •
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8 10 I 12 JZ 5. -g 1*» •e o i 16
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6 - n=!080 5 • g 4 CP > i 3 CO CD
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1985) and Curlew (/wails ,v, Lsseli
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Chapter 15 VERSATILITY OF MALE CURL
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Smid! 1951. Muus 1967, Wolff 1973,
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0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 jaw lengih
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Na oi both Nrieck Fig. 7. Numenius
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6 8 10 12 14 16 18 worm length (cm)
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too (Fig. 11 A). Indeed, the averag
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VERSATILITY OF CURLEWS FEEDING ON N
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total time spent al the surface. Th
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2 4 . • 2.2 • 30 .-.2.0 to Q. 1
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PREY DEPLETION BY OYSTERCATCHER AND
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the rule: the observed lower limit
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to locate the clams after they had
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Curlew, by bury ing some hundreds o
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PREY DEPLETION BY OYSTERCATCHER AND
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SAMENVATTING 345
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Voorgeschiedenis In 1960 verscheen
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maken. Als gebied A een grotere voe
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omdat ze nog vrijwel niets wegen. l
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kunnen opzuigen. of diep leven en z
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van de uitgerekte sifo over het wad
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het toen niet gemakkelijk hebben ge
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doende nonnetjes van 10 tot 15 mm l
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aangevoerde voedsel en de wulp past
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zijn dan twee jaar en wulpen geen s
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was dan ook dank/ij de inzet van al
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REFERENCES 367
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Allen RL. 1983. Feeding behaviour o
Page 367 and 368:
BreyT. 1989. Der Einfluss physikali
Page 369 and 370:
latie tol chironoiiiiilen en de wai
Page 371 and 372:
huch der Vogel Milteleuropas, Band
Page 373 and 374:
llolmann II. & H. Huerschelmann 196
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l-cndrem D.W. 1984. Flocking, feedi
Page 377 and 378:
Pekkarinen M. 1984. Regeneration of
Page 379 and 380:
lion of Mussels Mytilus edulis hy O
Page 381 and 382:
lulal Dal esiuanes: a comparison of
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