waders and their estuarine food supplies - Vlaams Instituut voor de ...

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PREY PROFITABILITY AND INTAKE RATE /Vo Speeies ".-», mg mer' Mnmh Year Time Feed Cons Br ran \ius 1 op tul> Sources .Arc. 118 M Him 11 570 2.91 10 80 3.89 81.0 13.01 D laid 1984 oxe 119 Msiilus lu 522 1.80 hi 80 .161 87.2 711 411 \ 1 n- A (,'.-. I usiard 1984 exe 120 A/i'mo 4ll 533 1.58 10 Ml 4m •ii: 20.75 S 1 n- ,\ Go-s-C "uslold 1984 exe 121 UytUus i'l 503 1.55 10 SO 4.00 90.9 2029 1) 1 us A f.o-s-fusl.ml I9S4 eve II 551 1.73 in SI! 4.03 90.6 22.74 s B (usiard 1984 eve 17 l Mm/,,. •i: 749 2.67 io Ml •I 33 56.4 1) Ens & Goss-Cuslard 1984 eve 124 Myri'iu II $51 I us in 80 4.00 94.0 26.80 s Ens & Goss-Cuslard 1984 exc 125 Myr;«is .s 271 2.64 7 B3 s ' sell 126 A/u./io 45 -70 1.22 7 83 V BIB «rul. 1996a seh 127 Msiilus IS 190 2.30 : 34 s Ens era/, 1996c lev 128 I/i /./.o -i 151 231 * S.I s In-.;../. 1996c lev 129 l/i.'i.'i.. 27 "H 3.28 4 84 s Etaetal. 1996c in 29 224 2.84 5 B4 B s Ens era/. 1996c tex 131 Myr/uo 23 i •• 6 S4 H s Eat etal. 1996c lev ' -7 Hytilus 21 2.1(1 7 84 s ,7 1996c lev I - uytftu 17 518 2.68 7 83 s l nseia/. 1996d lev 44 1811 1.69 1 S7 17 Goss-Cuslard unpubl. exe .in 300 1.33 1 B2 s (ioss-Cuslord unpubl. exc 47 1.91 1 Si 4.68 89.4 28.77 II 1 uslord unpubl. exe 19 4i,.i 1.58 1 94 V Goss-Cuslon! unpubl. exe 138 Mytilus 47- 404 1.72 - 8? 4.68 90.0 76 OS 11 (ioss-f uslord unpubl. exc 44 425 1.73 2 81 4.68 100.0 29.15 s Goss-Cuslard unpub! exe 140 My/i'tos -II 502 1.71 2 "1 V GossCusiord unpubl. exe 141 Msiilus 39 283 1.38 3 -7 s (ios.-f usiard unpub! exe ' • ' 142 Mi/./in 44 379 1.99 3 82 1) Goss-Cuslard unpubl. exe 43 ISO 1.29 3 si s Goss-Custard unpubl exe 46 in. 1.62 1 Si 1) ( '.'.,("usiard unpubl exe 145 Slslilus 42 144 1.55 9 s'. 4.68 99.0 25.85 s Goss-Custard unpubl. exe 146 A/,/./,,, 44 538 2.31 'i Si 85.7 3335 s (ioss-C'usla.d unpubl. exe 41 4SI 170 'i Si 4.68 94.2 26 98 s (loss Cusiard unpubl. exe !.-' 136 9/10 SI D l Io- C'uMard unpubl. exc ioo l 50 9/10 81 s ' ii-i.ud unpubl. exe 150 Myri'iu 43 504 1.45 in 82 913 S 1 'uslord unpubl exe 151 Hytil»> 46 559 2.08 in B2 4 6S Bl 1 28 4n 1) (loss 1 uslord unpubl. exc 152 IfyOou 48 148 1 si ll SI 92 5 29.84 s | • • i ii-lord unpubl. exc 153 ''w.7,.1 ii 121 2.12 ll 81 s i Ion Id-lord unpubl. exc 154 Mi/./„v 5(1 "79 ll 81 4.93 82.5 33.37 D Goss-Custard unpubl. exc 155 M.wi'/iu ...! 461 2.10 ll SI li 1 usiard unpubl. exe 47 Mil 2.19 ll 82 4.68 80.6 29.74 li (."-.-
• ' • 14 PREY PROFITABILITY AND INTAKE RATE mm mg me. MoHttl Year Tune Feed Cons Br nm- Mus Cap Lab Soavcai \rea OO 207 1(1 Si I 6.00 66.4 29.69 S Hulscher unpubl . pae 167 »/,,,/„, 16.00 0.22 100.0 17.48 C Hulscher unpubl. sch 16! './.. 46 -Ml 1.7-7 3 77 4.70 65.5 16.85 s Keen 1978 169 Mytilus 46 740 i 94 10 76 4.68 65.5 21.41 s Koene 1978 lev 170 Myri'iu 46 751 1 92 1 97 5.00 '8 8 27 23 s Maagaard & Jensen 1994 -ka l-l Mytilus 45 448 233 9 92 4.00 83.6 28.29 s Maagaard & Jensen 1994 ska 17: Mytilus 1.60 Id sr, 1,08 74.0 17.39 V F Meire 1996b oos i 67 10 86 4 12 920 22.79 V 1 Mine 1996b »H's 174 Mytilus 39 270 1.50 10 B6 s F Meire 1996b Doa 175 Msiilus 94 in 86 4.57 52.0 16.60 V F Meire 1996b (Hts 176 Ms II Ins 4! 450 2.10 in SI. s 1 Meire 1996b oca 177 Mytilus IS 172 1 24 lo sr, s F Meire 1996b oca '- 1/.: -.. 1" 2% i B4 10 sis V l Meire 1996b .H.S 179 Mytilus 41 270 1.77 10 86 V r Meire 1996b OOs ISO I/,.,/;,. 47 297 1 'is ill Sr. V r Meire 1996b OOS ISI Mytilus 40 524 2,82 9 87 V 1 Meire* Brvynck 1986 001 is: Mytilus s,l 230 1.9- 9/4 81 s Speakman 1984 lor 183 Myriuu 51 783 4.02 9 7.1 5.90 76.3 65.15 s /.worts &l*reni 1981 sch 1X4 Myriuu 53 604 • Kl 5 "4 138 881) 14.43 B s Zwarts & Drent 1981 -Ji IS5 MytiluS -ii .1.27 5 73 1 is 90.2 14.65 B s Zwarts & Drent 1981 •ch 186 Mytilus 50 492 333 5 76 1.18 87.4 1533 B s ZwartsA Dreni 1981 •ch 187 Myriuu i" 1X7 i.:7 5 77 138 85.3 13.86 B s Zwarts & Dreni 1981 seh 188 Ms lihes 26 186 1 65 5 "8 1 is 88.9 7.29 B s Zwarttft Drem 1981 -ch 189 Mi riuu is 614 2.19 5 -8 5.00 76.4 30.12 S C Zwarts* Drent 1981 sell 190 .Vy/l'li., 32 299 -.' S -•8 50(1 76.4 21.45 s c /waits ft Drent 1981 -eh I'M A/uif„, •4 I 52 9 -8 6.00 79.0 15.94 s Zwarn*ft Dreni 1981 Kb 192 Msiilus 28 137 0.86 .1 79 6.00 84.1 15.62 s Zwarts unpubl pae 193 Mrn-ij 17 036 8/11 Bl 7.00 96.1 Boales & Goss-Custard 1989 eve 194 /Verrii '•5 l 17 8 SI Boates A; (iossfu-lord 1989 exe 195 Nereis 19 0.63 9 Bl Boates & (loss f uslord 1989 exc 1% /Vewii 9 (0.13) in 81 Boales & Goss-CusUird 1989 exc 197 Nereis 3 K. i'n ii -1 ..id 1989 exe 198 /Venrij 93 2.30 4 86 Hunskockerta/ 1996 •cb 199 AVreu 84 3.10 5 86 li Bunskoeke rial 1996 sell 200 Nereis 94 3.30 6 86 B Bunskoeke etal 19% seh 201 /Ven*u 82 3.00 7 B6 Bunskoeke,'/a/1996 Kb 202 Nereis ,.,! 2.00 s 86 Bunskoeke era/1996 ash 203 Nereis SI 1 61 s 84 6.83 100.0 40.08 Durell ei al 1996. unpubl eve 204 iVereu BO B -4 6.25 92.8 46.98 Durell rt al. 1996. unpubl. BXC 205 Nereis 58 i B2 9 B2 Durell rt a/1996, unpubl exe 206 \e reii 71 2.56 9 x: Durell « a/ 1996. unpubl exe 207 Nereis 80 3.46 " B3 6.25 72,71 Durell rt,;/ 1996. unpubl exc 208 AVreu B7 1.18 9 8 ; 6.83 100.0 78 19 Durell rt al. 1996. unpubl. exe 209 /Verrii B2 171 9 84 - 99.4 6633 Du.cll,/rat 1996. unpubl c si 210 Nereis 53 2.44 III -7 Durell rt al. 1996. unpubl eve 211 AV/ro 60 231 III 82 Durell etal. 1996. unpubl. eve 212 Nereis 71 10 83 100.0 51.08 Durell rt al. 1996. unpubl exe 213 /Vereir 82 2.27 HI B3 6.83 100.0 55.81 Durell rt a/ 1996. unpubl eve 207
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WADERS AND THEIR ESTUARINE FOOD SUP
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plia^ohi. WADERS AND THEIR ESTUARI
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Waders and their estuarine food sup
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WADERS AND THEIR ESTUARINE FOOD SUP
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figuren: Dick Visser omslagfoto: Ja
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15 Versatility of male curlews (Num
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That science is making progress, ma
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INTRODUCTION The remnants of brushw
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When hcnlhic bivalves extend llien
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the burrow depths and on the fracti
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INTRODUCTION Ms,i invest 409 of (he
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able lo sw itch 10 oiher prey which
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Long-term, broadly-based research c
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Chapter 1 SEASONAL VARIATION IN BOD
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SEASONAL VARIATION IN BODY WEIGHT O
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Tahle 1 Weight loss ('•- ± SE) m
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i 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 • INFESTED
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240- SEASONAL VARIATION IN BODY WEI
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20 10 0 -10 -20h 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 se
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a E 400 - S. plana 35 mm 320 240 16
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Chapter 2 HOW THE FOOD SUPPLY HARVE
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FOOD SUPPLY HARVESTABLE BY WADERS H
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Methods The study sites were situat
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less than that of bivalves, partly
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I Fig. 3). Peak condition was reach
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total biomass since most of those t
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on the basis of the preceding and t
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However, for obvious reasons, we ma
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prey. A decrease in the prey densit
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Tahle 2. The intake rate ol < lyste
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* ' % -. . ; a X - . - * • ^ •
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(Zwarts & Wanink 1989). In quiet we
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general law relating handling time
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nearly twice as much time (0.79 s).
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4 5 6 7 8 9 size class of Corophium
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and annually. Second, the lower siz
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Prey switching Waders feeding on ti
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autumn and spring, and the contrary
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where they switch to surface-living
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Chapter 3 BURYING DEPTH OF THE BENT
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DEPTH AND SIPHON CROPPING IN SCROBI
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I DEPTH AND SIPHON CROPPING IN SCRO
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DEPTH AND SIPHON CROPPING IN SCROBI
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Table 3. Three-Way analysis Of vari
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Chapter 4 SIPHON SIZE AND BURYING D
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15 20 size (mm) Fig. 3. Cerasioderm
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10 size (mm) SIPHON SIZE AND DEPTH
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o, 7 01 5 | * CL 5- SIPHON SIZE AND
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4 Q) Si •a a. 16- 20- A predator:
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prey risk for an animal al a depth
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Table 6. Size al which there is a m
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* ' 1 /-/ "».-^*«C
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face and so expose themselves to a
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surface in die containers was varie
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50 OOF 310.00 I 5.00 ^ 1.00 3=" 0.5
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Tahle 1. Macoma and Scrobicularia.
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siphon would not have to reach the
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known siphon weight and burying dep
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ACCESSIBLE PREY ARE OFTEN IN POOR C
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1 2 3 4 burying depth (cm) Kin. I.
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I—1 • • : : : : ! - ! -|-r 0
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Chapter 7 DOES AN OPTIMALLY FORAGIN
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OPTIMAL FORAGING AND THE FUNCTIONAL
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100 200 300 prey density (n-m-2) Fi
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Table I. Results of five one way an
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Table 2. Results of eight iwo-wav a
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prey density II III Fig. 12. Freque
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PREY SIZE SELECTION AND INTAKE RATE
Page 152 and 153: Predicted 'passive size selection'
Page 154 and 155: lig. 2. Larger Mussels are less ava
Page 156 and 157: Fig. 5. Scrobicularia plana. Size c
Page 158 and 159: and maiiv are too thick-shelled to
Page 160 and 161: The measurements of handling time i
Page 162 and 163: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 probing depth (cm PRE
Page 164 and 165: valves may vary by a factor of two
Page 166 and 167: optimal foraging model, the minimum
Page 168 and 169: their gut is full? Do they reduce t
Page 171 and 172: PREY PROFITABILITY AND INTAKE RATE
Page 173 and 174: catchers to take only certain prey
Page 175 and 176: licult error of estimate arose if p
Page 177 and 178: Counts of feeding and non-feeding b
Page 181 and 182: 20 30 40 50 shell length (mm) PREY
Page 185 and 186: Nereis Arenicola tipuia earthwo'm M
Page 187 and 188: take rate. We might therefore expec
Page 189 and 190: prey species, using parallel slopes
Page 191 and 192: 5.0 4.0 1-3.0 a & • % * • * •
Page 193 and 194: time during the feeding period. As
Page 195 and 196: winter. Similarly, handling time in
Page 197 and 198: 5.0 - f-4.0 S 3.0 in I 20 a 2 a | 1
Page 199 and 200: situation arrived in the western pa
Page 201: PREY PROFITABILITY AND INTAKE RATE
Page 205 and 206: Notes lo appendix: PREY PROFITABILI
Page 207: Chapter 10 WHY OYSTERCATCHERS HAEMA
Page 210 and 211: 2 4 6 8 10 time on feeding area (h)
Page 212 and 213: 80- 60- o 80 60- 40- 20- INTAKE RAT
Page 214 and 215: est of bod\ behind: an estimated 22
Page 216 and 217: INTAKE RATE AND PROCESSING RATE IN
Page 218 and 219: Wanink 1993). The energy content of
Page 220 and 221: (7) Age All studies dealt with adul
Page 222 and 223: irds over long periods. As an examp
Page 224 and 225: Discussion There is no difference i
Page 226 and 227: comparison between the weight of ih
Page 228 and 229: . 1', L ! •
Page 230 and 231: Introduction PREDICTING SEASONAL AN
Page 232 and 233: PREDICTING SEASONAL AND ANNUAL FLUC
Page 240 and 241: 1000 r 1 II" 1 - r^Jan'80 PREDICTIN
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IOO BO 60 40 20 0 PREDICTING SEASON
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PREDICTING SEASONAL AND ANNUAL FLUC
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Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 265 and 266:
WHY KNOT TAKE MEDIUM-SIZED MACOMA W
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in Zwarts & Esselink 1989). The len
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shell length (mm) FIR. 3. Peringia.
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fused, specimens larger than this w
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50 100- s s I — f = S. plana, n=2
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area is twice as large as the touch
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10 15 lower size threshold (mm) Fig
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lime (Hughes 1979). This would furt
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WHY KNOT TAKE MEDIUM-SIZED MACOMA T
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Chapter 13 ANNUAL AND SEASONAL VARI
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VARIATION IN FOOD SUPPLY OF KNOT AN
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Two sites (N and M in Fig. 2) were
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20 30 VARIATION IN FOOD SUPPLY OF K
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20 l i r'l ' i •o j^y^T n ^ ' " ^
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July ' Aug ' Sept Fig. 9. Proportio
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available. There must, however, be
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Chapter 14 SEASONAL TREND IN BURROW
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BURROWING AND FEEDING IN NEREIS SEA
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Table 2. Results of a 2-way analysi
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June 1981 June 1982 is * N.MUD •
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8 10 I 12 JZ 5. -g 1*» •e o i 16
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6 - n=!080 5 • g 4 CP > i 3 CO CD
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1985) and Curlew (/wails ,v, Lsseli
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Chapter 15 VERSATILITY OF MALE CURL
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Smid! 1951. Muus 1967, Wolff 1973,
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0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 jaw lengih
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Na oi both Nrieck Fig. 7. Numenius
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6 8 10 12 14 16 18 worm length (cm)
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too (Fig. 11 A). Indeed, the averag
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VERSATILITY OF CURLEWS FEEDING ON N
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total time spent al the surface. Th
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2 4 . • 2.2 • 30 .-.2.0 to Q. 1
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PREY DEPLETION BY OYSTERCATCHER AND
Page 333 and 334:
the rule: the observed lower limit
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to locate the clams after they had
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Curlew, by bury ing some hundreds o
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PREY DEPLETION BY OYSTERCATCHER AND
Page 341 and 342:
SAMENVATTING 345
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Voorgeschiedenis In 1960 verscheen
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maken. Als gebied A een grotere voe
Page 347 and 348:
omdat ze nog vrijwel niets wegen. l
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kunnen opzuigen. of diep leven en z
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van de uitgerekte sifo over het wad
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het toen niet gemakkelijk hebben ge
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doende nonnetjes van 10 tot 15 mm l
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aangevoerde voedsel en de wulp past
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zijn dan twee jaar en wulpen geen s
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was dan ook dank/ij de inzet van al
Page 363 and 364:
REFERENCES 367
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Allen RL. 1983. Feeding behaviour o
Page 367 and 368:
BreyT. 1989. Der Einfluss physikali
Page 369 and 370:
latie tol chironoiiiiilen en de wai
Page 371 and 372:
huch der Vogel Milteleuropas, Band
Page 373 and 374:
llolmann II. & H. Huerschelmann 196
Page 375 and 376:
l-cndrem D.W. 1984. Flocking, feedi
Page 377 and 378:
Pekkarinen M. 1984. Regeneration of
Page 379 and 380:
lion of Mussels Mytilus edulis hy O
Page 381 and 382:
lulal Dal esiuanes: a comparison of
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