SYNTAX-ADJECTIVES. 149 674. A substantive is sometimes conuected with another in a 601 t of ap· position by the word as, meaning in the condition or. in the capacity of, thus, "Cicero, us an orator, was bold-us a ~oldil'J", he was timid." But here-the reverse of the former case (6G9)-the wldantive in apposition with another in the possessive case, or with a possc what! III what case do tbey agree 1 Give the rule:- Religion, the support of adversity, adorns prosperity. Byron, the poet, the only son of Captain John Byroll, was bom in 1788.-Coleridge, a remarkable man, and rich imaginative poet, was the friend of 'Yorc1sworth.-My brother ,Villiam's estate has been sold . .. And on the palace floor, a lifeless corsc she lay." EXERCISEr:; TO BE CORRECTED. As the nominative and the objective cnee in nOllns arc aliko in EIl::;-lisl" there is no liability to error under tbis rule, except in the case of prononns. Please give that book to my brother William, he who standt! by the window.-The gentleman has arrived, him whom I mentioned before.-Do you speak so to me, I who have so often befriended you ?-I speak of Yirgil, he who wrote the .lEneid. AN ADJECTIYE WITH ~\. SUBSTANTIYE. 676. RULE II.-1. An adjcctiee or ji(/rticiplc qualifies the subsialltiec to which it belongs (196); as, ,,~\ good man. 2. Adjectives denoting ONE, qualify nouns in the sin-
150 ENGLlSII GRAMMAR. gular; adjectives denoting MORE THAN ONE, qualify nouns in the plural; as, " This man."-" These men."-" Six feet. " 677. AJjectives denoting one are tlie ordinals first, second, third, &c. (206), last-this, that-one, each, every, either, neither, much, and its com· parative lIlore-all, denoting quantity, enough, whole. 678. When any of these is joined to a plural noun, the whole is reo garded as ons aggregate; as, "The first two weeks "-" Every ten miles" -" The last four lines "-" The last days of summer," die. But the verb after such subjects is usually plural. 679. In such expressions, the cardinal number, if small, may precede the words .first and last, but not the other cardinal! ; as, .. The two first weeks "-" The four last lines" (705-3), meaning the two weeks at the beginni7li;, or preceding all the rest-the four lines at the end, or succeeding all the rest. 680. 'I'wo 01' more adjectives, expressIng qualities that belong to diffelent objects of the mme name, and that name expressed only with the last, should have an article before each; as, "The red and the wltite rose " that is, two roses, the one red, and the other white. So," The first and the second page "-" The first and the second verse "-" The Old and the New World." It has become common, however, even with good writers, to drop the second article, and change the singular into the plural, to express the same idca; thus, U The first and second pages "_U The Ii.rst and second verses," &c. This mode of expression, though incorrect in itself, is lcss stiff and formal than the other. (See Appendix IX.) When adjectives denoting one are connected by or, nor, &c., the noun must be singular. 681. Adjectives denoting more than one are the following, viz.-all cardinal numbers above one; as, two, three, &c.-few, many, with its compara· tive more-all, denoting number, both, several, and enow. Enow is nearly obsolete. 682. Adjectives withont s substantive expressed are often used as nouns; as, "The rich and the poor meet togcther " (201). This is especially common with all adjective pronouns except the possessive, and the distributive every; as, "Of books, some are gOOd, some are bad."-" All things come alike to all" (289.) 683. A,ljectives are sometimes usell indefinitely after an infinitive or participle, without reference to any particular substantive, to express an abstract idea; as, "To be good is to be Itappy."-" Being good is better than being great." 684. 'When an adjective is a predicate (621), it must qualify its substantive in the subject; as, " God is good, he is also just."_u To do good to others is profitable to ourselves."-" That men should lie, is basc." 685. An adjective in the predicate sometimes qualifies the subject, not considered simply as a substanti ve, but as a substantive affected by the action of the connecting verb, which, in that ca~e, may be regarded as a strengthened or modified copula (601); as, "That type stands low." " Thisfruit tastes bitter."-" The wind blows cold,"_u The door is painted
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PREFACE THIS work is prepnred on a
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INDEX AND TABLE OF CONTENTS, GUHIMA
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CONTENTS, VERBS, Number aud Person
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GRAMMAR. 1. GRAMMAR i~ both a SCIEN
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---~ ORTHOGRAPHY-LETTERS. 11 diphth
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ORTHOGRAPHY-SYLLABLES. 13 DIVISION
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ORTHOGRAPHY-SPET.J.ING. 15 RVLE v.
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ETYMOLOGY-WORDS. 17 PART I I. ETYMO
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ETYMOLOGY-NOUNS. 19 NOUNS. 100. A N
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ETYIIIOLOGY-NOUNS-PERSON. 21 PERSON
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ETYrtIOLOGY-NOUNS-PERSON. .21 PERSO
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ETYMOLOG Y-NOUNS-G ENDER. 23 Mascul
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ETYlIIOLOGY-NOUNS-NUlIIDER. 25 NUMB
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Singular. Plural. Brother (one of t
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ETy~roLOGY-NOUNS-NUMBER. 29 Singula
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ETYMOLOGY-NOUNS-CASE. 31 THE PLURAL
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ETYMOLOGY-NOUNS-POSSESSIVE. 33 for
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ETYMOLOGY-NOUNS. 35 What nouns are
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ETYMOLOGY-ARTICLE. 37 eated by the
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ETYMOLOGY-ADJECTIVES. 39 5. ])efini
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ETYMOLOGY-ADJECTIVES. 41 l~s8 and l
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ETYMOLOGY-AD.JECTI'VES • 43 .lIfo
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. 45 PRONOUNS. 22
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. 47 for my, &c.
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. PARSING. 253. P
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. 51 with au ivor
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. 53 275. In old
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ETYMOLOGY -PRONOUNS. 55 285. It is
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. 57 295. Own is
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. 59 EXERCISES ON
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ETYMOLOGY-VERBS. 61 strikes me;" sl
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ETYMOLOGY-AUXILIARIES 63 THE USE OF
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JJ:TYMOLOGY-AUXILIARIES. 65 penr "_
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E'l'YMOLOGY-VERBS--VOICES. 67 360.
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ETYMOLOGY-VERBS-MOODS. 69 In paning
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ETYMOLOG Y-VERBS-MOODI>. 71 388. Th
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ETYMOJ,OG Y - VERBS-TENSES. 78 403.
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ETYMOLOGY-VERB-TENSES. 75 TENSES OF
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ETYMOLOGY-VERB-TENSEs. 77 TENSE OF
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ETYMOLOGY-PARTICIPLES. 79 458. The
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ETYMOLOGY-VERB-CONJUGATION. S1 1. T
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ETl'MOLOGY-VERB-CONJUG ATION. 83 PA
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ETYMOLOGY-VERB-CONJUGA TION. 85 PAR
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ETYl\wtOGY-VERB-CONJUGATION. 87 PRE
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ETYMOLOGY--VERB--CONJUGATION. 89 (D
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ETYl\10LOGY-VERB-CONJUGATION. 91 EX
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':TYlIIOLOGY-VERBS-CONJUGATION. 93
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ETYMOLOGY-VERB-CONJUGATION. 95 POTE
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ETYMOLOGY-"ERBS-IRREGULAR. 97 EXERC
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di"tinctuc,~ of a whole I'iew.-Only
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SYNTAX-CON JUNCTIONS. 201 Though --
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SYNTAX-INTER.JEUl'IONS. 2U3 quire m
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SYNTAX-ELLIPSIS 976. Another class
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SYNTAX-ELLIPSIS. 207 EXERCISES TO B
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SYNTAX-PARSING. 209 attentively •
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SYNTAX-PROMISCUOUS EXERCISES, 211 t
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SY~TAX-PRO.l\lISCUOUS EXERCISES. 21
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A. clever bo\flle. He conducts well
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PUNCTUATION. dull" But when the com
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PUNCTUATION. 219 tesourses in reser
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FIGURES. 221 FIGURES. 1039 A FIGURE
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POETIC LICENSES. 223 6. An hyperbol
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POETIC LICENSES • .. Still in har
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PROSODY-VERSI FIe A l'ION. 227 VERS
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PROSODY - VERSIFICA TION. 229 1. On
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PROSODY-VERSIFICA TION. 231 5. Five
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PROSODY-VERSIFICATION. 233 3. Time
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COMPOSITION. 235 COMPOSITION. 1119.
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COMPOSITION. 237 1135. In the secon
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COMPOSITION. 289 PROPRIETY. 1152. P
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COllIPOSITION. 2.Jl ~. By invel';io
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COMPOSITION. 24$ THEMES. 1164. The
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COMPOSITION. 245 88. Life is Short,
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.\PPENDIX-PRONUU NS MINE, ETC. --\\
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APPENDIX-ADJECTIVE PRONOUNS. 249 5.
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APPENDIX-DIVISION OF VERBS. 2&1 inf
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APPENDIX-PRESENT INDICATIVE, ETC. '
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APPENDIX-FIRST AND SECOND, ETC. 255
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APPENDIX-TWO FIRST, THREE LAST, ETC