alytical practical grammar - Toronto Public Library

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SYNTAX-ADJECTIVES. 151 grccn."-" John grows tall."-" Milk turns sour."-" Clay bums whitc." " Down feels soft." 686. Adjectives thus used are sometimes, though improperly, called adverbial adjectives. As the adverb is sometimes used improperly instead of the adjective in such expressions, the distinction should be e"refully marked. Thus- The adverb exprcsses the manner of the ael. The adjective expresses the condition, or state of the subject. Hence, when the meaning intended can be expressed by the corresponding adjunct (5,11), the adverb should be used; as, "The' stn'am flows mpidly" (in a rapid manner). Here the adverb rapidly modifies the verb fioll's. But when the meaning call be expressed nearly by suhstituting the \'erb to be or to become as a copula, the adjectil'e should be usc,l; as, "The stream grows [becomes] rapid." This is furthcr illustrated by the follow· ing examples, viz. ;- ADJECTIV ES. John grows [becomes] old. She looks [is] cold. He feels [is] warm. The eagle flies lis J Itiglt. The apple tastes l is] sweet. ADVEaD.:;. JOhll grows j'apidly [in a rapid manncr.l She looks coldly [in a cold mannc,'] on him. He feels warmly [in a warm manlll'!'] the insult. The eagle flies swiftly [in a swift mauncr.] JlIary 8iugs "wcetly [in a swect manner.] 687. Adjectivcs should not be used liS adverbs; thus, "mi.,erable poor," should be, "miserably poor "-" sings elegant," should be, .. Binga elegantly." So also, adverbs should not be used as a'ljcctivcs «()25); thus, " He arrived safely," should be, .. He arrived safe." 688. This here, that there, tit em books, are vulgarisms, fur this, that, those hooks. 689. An adjective sometimes qualifies an adjective and noun togcther as one compound term; liS, " A venerable old man "-" The best black tea." 690. Sometimes lin a,ljcctive modifies the~eaning of another adjec, tive; as, .. red·hot iron "_u a bright·red color." 691. Severlll adjectives frequently qualify the same substauti\'c; liP, " A large, strong, black horse." This, that-these, those. 692. Whcn two or morc objects are contrasted, this refcl'3 to the bot mentioned, that to the first; as, Virtue and vice are opposite qualities; thai ennobles the mind, this debases it." 693. FJrl/ler amI latter are used in the same way (304). So also, the one, the otlter, referring to words in the singular or plural (307). 694. When no contrast is expressed, this refel's to a thing near, or just menti.ned, and that to a thing more rcmote or formerly mentioned. CONSTRUCTION OF COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES. 695. When one object is compared with one other of the same class, or with more than one of a different class, individually, Of in the aggregate,
152 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. tbe comparative is used; as,."James is the weal,". of the t~~"_11 He is taller than his fllther.-" He IS taller than any of IllS brothers. 696. Sometimes however, when two objects of the same class are com· pared, the superlative is used, being thought to be less stiff and formal; as, "James is the lIwlkesl of the two." 697. When one object is compared with more than one of the same class, the superlative is u,e
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PREFACE THIS work is prepnred on a
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INDEX AND TABLE OF CONTENTS, GUHIMA
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CONTENTS, VERBS, Number aud Person
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GRAMMAR. 1. GRAMMAR i~ both a SCIEN
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---~ ORTHOGRAPHY-LETTERS. 11 diphth
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ORTHOGRAPHY-SYLLABLES. 13 DIVISION
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ORTHOGRAPHY-SPET.J.ING. 15 RVLE v.
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ETYMOLOGY-WORDS. 17 PART I I. ETYMO
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ETYMOLOGY-NOUNS. 19 NOUNS. 100. A N
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ETYIIIOLOGY-NOUNS-PERSON. 21 PERSON
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ETYrtIOLOGY-NOUNS-PERSON. .21 PERSO
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ETYMOLOG Y-NOUNS-G ENDER. 23 Mascul
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ETYlIIOLOGY-NOUNS-NUlIIDER. 25 NUMB
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Singular. Plural. Brother (one of t
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ETy~roLOGY-NOUNS-NUMBER. 29 Singula
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ETYMOLOGY-NOUNS-CASE. 31 THE PLURAL
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ETYMOLOGY-NOUNS-POSSESSIVE. 33 for
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ETYMOLOGY-NOUNS. 35 What nouns are
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ETYMOLOGY-ARTICLE. 37 eated by the
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ETYMOLOGY-ADJECTIVES. 39 5. ])efini
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ETYMOLOGY-ADJECTIVES. 41 l~s8 and l
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ETYMOLOGY-AD.JECTI'VES • 43 .lIfo
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. 45 PRONOUNS. 22
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. 47 for my, &c.
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. PARSING. 253. P
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. 51 with au ivor
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. 53 275. In old
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ETYMOLOGY -PRONOUNS. 55 285. It is
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. 57 295. Own is
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. 59 EXERCISES ON
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ETYMOLOGY-VERBS. 61 strikes me;" sl
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ETYMOLOGY-AUXILIARIES 63 THE USE OF
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JJ:TYMOLOGY-AUXILIARIES. 65 penr "_
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E'l'YMOLOGY-VERBS--VOICES. 67 360.
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ETYMOLOGY-VERBS-MOODS. 69 In paning
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ETYMOLOG Y-VERBS-MOODI>. 71 388. Th
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ETYMOJ,OG Y - VERBS-TENSES. 78 403.
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ETYMOLOGY-VERB-TENSES. 75 TENSES OF
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ETYMOLOGY-VERB-TENSEs. 77 TENSE OF
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ETYMOLOGY-PARTICIPLES. 79 458. The
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ETYMOLOGY-VERB-CONJUGATION. S1 1. T
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ETl'MOLOGY-VERB-CONJUG ATION. 83 PA
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ETYMOLOGY-VERB-CONJUGA TION. 85 PAR
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ETYl\wtOGY-VERB-CONJUGATION. 87 PRE
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ETYMOLOGY--VERB--CONJUGATION. 89 (D
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ETYl\10LOGY-VERB-CONJUGATION. 91 EX
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':TYlIIOLOGY-VERBS-CONJUGATION. 93
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ETYMOLOGY-VERB-CONJUGATION. 95 POTE
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ETYMOLOGY-"ERBS-IRREGULAR. 97 EXERC
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1!:TYl\IOLOGY-VERBS-IRREGULAR. 99 P
Page 106 and 107: El'Yl\IOLOG~-VERBS-IBBEGULAB. lOt P
Page 108 and 109: ETYlIIOLOGY-VERBS-DEFECTIVE. 103 51
Page 110 and 111: ETYMOLOGY-.\ DVERBS. 105 525. On th
Page 112 and 113: ETYMOLOGY-ADVERBS. 107 3. Many comp
Page 114 and 115: ETYMOLOG Y-PREPOSITIONS. 109 have e
Page 116 and 117: ETY ;o.IOLOG Y - PRli:POSITIONS. 11
Page 118 and 119: 1;:TYlIfOJ.OGY-CONJUNCTIONS. tIS CO
Page 120 and 121: ETYMOLOGl'-PABSING. 115 PARSING. 57
Page 122 and 123: ETYMOLOGY-PARSING. 117 Previous to
Page 124 and 125: t'ry ~JOr,OG V--PARSING, It!} im1ls
Page 126 and 127: ETYMOLOGY-PARSING, 121 1. Alexander
Page 128 and 129: L He laughed at such folly. 2. They
Page 130 and 131: ETYMOLOG Y-PARSING. 12£> pbrase, i
Page 132 and 133: SYNTAX-ANALYSIS. 127 592. A compoun
Page 134 and 135: "YNTAS-ANAI.Y~T"· EXERCISES. I. In
Page 136 and 137: SYNTAX-ANALYSIS. 131 615. A grammat
Page 138 and 139: SYNTAX-A.NA.LYSIS. 133 Time flies.-
Page 140 and 141: SYNTAX-A NAT,\"5fS, 135 L.~DEPENDEN
Page 142 and 143: SYNTAX-ANALYSIS. 137 embark thither
Page 144 and 145: SYNTAX-ANALYSIS, 139 If the sentenc
Page 146 and 147: SYNTAX-ANALYSTS. 1.11 6. "Conversat
Page 148 and 149: SYNTAX-ANALYSIS. He who is first to
Page 150 and 151: RULES OF SYNTAX. 145 RULE I1I.-I. T
Page 152 and 153: tmLES OF SYNTAX. 117 (NOUN.)_II Say
Page 154 and 155: SYNTAX-ADJECTIVES. 149 674. A subst
Page 158 and 159: SYNTAX--ADJECTIVES. 153 8. It has b
Page 160 and 161: SYNTAX-ARTICLE. 155 709. The is som
Page 162 and 163: SYNTAX-ARTJCLE. 157 EXERCISES TO BE
Page 164 and 165: SYNTAX-PRONOUNS. 159 736. The perso
Page 166 and 167: TH SYNTAX-RELATIYE. 161 TIELATI \'E
Page 168 and 169: SYNTAX-NO:.lIlNATIVJ3. 163 (748) It
Page 170 and 171: SYNTAX-NO~lINATIYE. 165 770. In tbi
Page 172 and 173: SYNTAX-NOJ\IINATIVE. 167 "James or
Page 174 and 175: ."'YNTAX-tior.nNATIVF.. 169 -Each d
Page 176 and 177: f'YNTAX-OBJECTIVE. 171 DOG it was t
Page 178 and 179: sYNTAX-OBJECTIVE. 173 voice as the
Page 180 and 181: SYNTAX-OBJECTlYE. 175 him and warne
Page 182 and 183: SYNi'AX-PREPOSITIOl\';. 177 He gave
Page 184 and 185: SYNTAX-PREPOSITIONS. 179 Eq ui vale
Page 186 and 187: SYNT A X-POSSESSIVE. 181 rode into
Page 188 and 189: BYNTA X-POSSESSIV~. 18~ the sign of
Page 190 and 191: SYNTAX-SUBJUNCTIVE. 185 SUBJUXCTIVE
Page 192 and 193: SYNTAX-INFINITIVE, 187 866. The inf
Page 194 and 195: SYNTAX-INFINITIVE. 189 886. The inf
Page 196 and 197: YNTAX-PARTICIPLES. 191 900, In this
Page 198 and 199: :;l'NTAX-TENSES. 193 CO~NECTION OF
Page 200 and 201: SYNTAX-ADVERBS. 195 our friend befo
Page 202 and 203: SYNTAX-ADVERB~. 197 PI~lislog varie
Page 204 and 205: di"tinctuc,~ of a whole I'iew.-Only
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SYNTAX-CON JUNCTIONS. 201 Though --
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SYNTAX-INTER.JEUl'IONS. 2U3 quire m
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SYNTAX-ELLIPSIS 976. Another class
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SYNTAX-ELLIPSIS. 207 EXERCISES TO B
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SYNTAX-PARSING. 209 attentively •
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SYNTAX-PROMISCUOUS EXERCISES, 211 t
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SY~TAX-PRO.l\lISCUOUS EXERCISES. 21
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A. clever bo\flle. He conducts well
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PUNCTUATION. dull" But when the com
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PUNCTUATION. 219 tesourses in reser
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FIGURES. 221 FIGURES. 1039 A FIGURE
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POETIC LICENSES. 223 6. An hyperbol
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POETIC LICENSES • .. Still in har
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PROSODY-VERSI FIe A l'ION. 227 VERS
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PROSODY - VERSIFICA TION. 229 1. On
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PROSODY-VERSIFICA TION. 231 5. Five
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PROSODY-VERSIFICATION. 233 3. Time
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COMPOSITION. 235 COMPOSITION. 1119.
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COMPOSITION. 237 1135. In the secon
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COMPOSITION. 289 PROPRIETY. 1152. P
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COllIPOSITION. 2.Jl ~. By invel';io
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COMPOSITION. 24$ THEMES. 1164. The
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COMPOSITION. 245 88. Life is Short,
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.\PPENDIX-PRONUU NS MINE, ETC. --\\
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APPENDIX-ADJECTIVE PRONOUNS. 249 5.
Page 256 and 257:
APPENDIX-DIVISION OF VERBS. 2&1 inf
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APPENDIX-PRESENT INDICATIVE, ETC. '
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APPENDIX-FIRST AND SECOND, ETC. 255
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APPENDIX-TWO FIRST, THREE LAST, ETC
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