SYNTAX-INFINITIVE, 187 866. The infinitive is n sort of veroal nOHU, nnd ha~ the const, uctioD of hoth a verb and a noun. 367. As n !:oun, the infiniti \"e may be, 1. The sunjcel of It ved" (394) " :t Q , " To play is pleaQnnt." 2. The object of a HIO (8112); a', "Boy" l"I'e 10 pia!]." ~,Thepredicaie ?lominatin' after a copulativp \"frh (7~Is); !Ie, .' He is t" b" marl ietl." 4. In apposition wilh allotht-r lIC>lln (G70); !l8, "Spare, spare your fricnus the task, 10 r(ll'!, to nod, to seoJf, condemn." :i. The object of a preposil:ulI {819); as, .... 11"'1/1 to depa.rt "-" Wh It wellt ye out for to 'cc 1" 868. At tl,,· same time that tbe infilliti,'e i, u,d as n no:!", it may k11'e an the modifications of a v(·rb in I'CSP' ct to time, ~·ol'crllmcllt. ('I' adjuncts, forming, with them, an al,ridl(ed pentcnel\ 01" cla,,,,, or pi"",., (t~',3), as, "To f'ee tlte Htn at nddnight is impos,ii,le." H(ol'(', 10 Sl'C is modified loy its (,hj.. and the infinitive remains aftcr it,like tbe indirect objcct (811), TllU',. 'lctit'c, " I de3ircd him to go."-Passive. " He was desired to go."
188 ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 875. RULE 4.-The infinitive i·$ used as a predicate nominative after any verb a, a copula (59'1'); a~, " You are to blame" (397). 876. Wheu used a~ a predicate uominati ve aftet· the verb to be, tbe infinitive ,Ienotcs- 1. All equivalent expression; as, "To obey is to enjoy." ~. Wbat IS possible or obligatory; as, "Gold is to be found in California "-" The laws are to be observed." 3. What is settled and determined upon, and, of course, future; as, ,'Tbe sbip is to sail to morrow." 877. HULE 5.-1'0, the sign of the infinit;,'e, is 1Iot Ilsed after the verbs BID, DARE, NEED, MAKE, EEE, HEAR, FEEL, and LET, in the activ6 voice, nor after LET in the pas.~ive; as, "I saw him do it "-" You need not go " " He was let go." 878. To this rule there nre some exceptions. As it relates only to euphony and usage, to ma'y be inserlerl when harshness will not thereby be produceu; thus, " Conscious that his opinions need to be disguised." McKc71:ie. 879. For the same reason, to is sometimes omitted after the verbs peraive, behold, observe, have, and know. 880. When several infinitives come tg"ther in the same construction, the sign to expressed wit.h the first, is sometimes omitted befure those that follow; thus, ,. It is better to be a king and die, than to live and be a prince." 'ruis should never be done wben either harsbuess or obscurity woule! be the result. 881. To, the sign of the infiuiti I'e, shoull never be used for tbe infinitil'e itself. Thu-," I have not written. and I do not intend to," is a colloquial vulgarism for, "I have not written, ane! I do not intend to write." 882. RULE 6.-The infinitive is used to expre!s the PURPOSE, END, or, DESIGN of the preceding act; as, "Some who came to scoff, remained to pray." Here, to scoff and to pray are not governed by came and remained; but Rre put without a governing word, to express the end for which they came and remained. 883. This construction of the intiniti ve is sometimes preceded by the phrase, " in order;" and formerly was pre('eded by for; as, "What wen t yc out for to see? " This is now obsolete. 884. RULE 7.-In comparisons, the infinitive mood is put after so AS, TOO or TIIA"; as, '. Be so good as to read this lettet' "-" Too old to learn " .. Wiser than to undertake it." Some consider this construction as ellipticalo and tbat the i"finitive depends on a word understood. 885. The infinitive is sometimes used to aS13igll, in an abridged form the reason of that which goes before; a3, "Base cOlVard that thou art I to flee! "-' Ungrateful man! to waste my fortune, rob me of my peace! " &c._ u lIust not one sigb, to reflect on so grave a subject."
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I~ dJLL~~ ~~
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PREFACE THIS work is prepnred on a
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INDEX AND TABLE OF CONTENTS, GUHIMA
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CONTENTS, VERBS, Number aud Person
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GRAMMAR. 1. GRAMMAR i~ both a SCIEN
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---~ ORTHOGRAPHY-LETTERS. 11 diphth
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ORTHOGRAPHY-SYLLABLES. 13 DIVISION
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ORTHOGRAPHY-SPET.J.ING. 15 RVLE v.
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ETYMOLOGY-WORDS. 17 PART I I. ETYMO
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ETYMOLOGY-NOUNS. 19 NOUNS. 100. A N
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ETYIIIOLOGY-NOUNS-PERSON. 21 PERSON
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ETYrtIOLOGY-NOUNS-PERSON. .21 PERSO
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ETYMOLOG Y-NOUNS-G ENDER. 23 Mascul
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ETYlIIOLOGY-NOUNS-NUlIIDER. 25 NUMB
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Singular. Plural. Brother (one of t
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ETy~roLOGY-NOUNS-NUMBER. 29 Singula
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ETYMOLOGY-NOUNS-CASE. 31 THE PLURAL
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ETYMOLOGY-NOUNS-POSSESSIVE. 33 for
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ETYMOLOGY-NOUNS. 35 What nouns are
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ETYMOLOGY-ARTICLE. 37 eated by the
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ETYMOLOGY-ADJECTIVES. 39 5. ])efini
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ETYMOLOGY-ADJECTIVES. 41 l~s8 and l
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ETYMOLOGY-AD.JECTI'VES • 43 .lIfo
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. 45 PRONOUNS. 22
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. 47 for my, &c.
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. PARSING. 253. P
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. 51 with au ivor
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. 53 275. In old
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ETYMOLOGY -PRONOUNS. 55 285. It is
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. 57 295. Own is
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ETYMOLOGY-PRONOUNS. 59 EXERCISES ON
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ETYMOLOGY-VERBS. 61 strikes me;" sl
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ETYMOLOGY-AUXILIARIES 63 THE USE OF
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JJ:TYMOLOGY-AUXILIARIES. 65 penr "_
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E'l'YMOLOGY-VERBS--VOICES. 67 360.
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ETYMOLOGY-VERBS-MOODS. 69 In paning
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ETYMOLOG Y-VERBS-MOODI>. 71 388. Th
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ETYMOJ,OG Y - VERBS-TENSES. 78 403.
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ETYMOLOGY-VERB-TENSES. 75 TENSES OF
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ETYMOLOGY-VERB-TENSEs. 77 TENSE OF
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ETYMOLOGY-PARTICIPLES. 79 458. The
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ETYMOLOGY-VERB-CONJUGATION. S1 1. T
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ETl'MOLOGY-VERB-CONJUG ATION. 83 PA
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ETYMOLOGY-VERB-CONJUGA TION. 85 PAR
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ETYl\wtOGY-VERB-CONJUGATION. 87 PRE
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ETYMOLOGY--VERB--CONJUGATION. 89 (D
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ETYl\10LOGY-VERB-CONJUGATION. 91 EX
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':TYlIIOLOGY-VERBS-CONJUGATION. 93
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ETYMOLOGY-VERB-CONJUGATION. 95 POTE
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ETYMOLOGY-"ERBS-IRREGULAR. 97 EXERC
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1!:TYl\IOLOGY-VERBS-IRREGULAR. 99 P
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El'Yl\IOLOG~-VERBS-IBBEGULAB. lOt P
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ETYlIIOLOGY-VERBS-DEFECTIVE. 103 51
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ETYMOLOGY-.\ DVERBS. 105 525. On th
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ETYMOLOGY-ADVERBS. 107 3. Many comp
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ETYMOLOG Y-PREPOSITIONS. 109 have e
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ETY ;o.IOLOG Y - PRli:POSITIONS. 11
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1;:TYlIfOJ.OGY-CONJUNCTIONS. tIS CO
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ETYMOLOGl'-PABSING. 115 PARSING. 57
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ETYMOLOGY-PARSING. 117 Previous to
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t'ry ~JOr,OG V--PARSING, It!} im1ls
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ETYMOLOGY-PARSING, 121 1. Alexander
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L He laughed at such folly. 2. They
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ETYMOLOG Y-PARSING. 12£> pbrase, i
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SYNTAX-ANALYSIS. 127 592. A compoun
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"YNTAS-ANAI.Y~T"· EXERCISES. I. In
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SYNTAX-ANALYSIS. 131 615. A grammat
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SYNTAX-A.NA.LYSIS. 133 Time flies.-
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SYNTAX-A NAT,\"5fS, 135 L.~DEPENDEN
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COMPOSITION. 237 1135. In the secon
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COMPOSITION. 289 PROPRIETY. 1152. P
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COllIPOSITION. 2.Jl ~. By invel';io
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COMPOSITION. 24$ THEMES. 1164. The
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COMPOSITION. 245 88. Life is Short,
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.\PPENDIX-PRONUU NS MINE, ETC. --\\
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APPENDIX-ADJECTIVE PRONOUNS. 249 5.
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APPENDIX-DIVISION OF VERBS. 2&1 inf
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APPENDIX-PRESENT INDICATIVE, ETC. '
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APPENDIX-FIRST AND SECOND, ETC. 255
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APPENDIX-TWO FIRST, THREE LAST, ETC