alytical practical grammar - Toronto Public Library

FIGURES. 221
FIGURES.
1039 A FIGURE, in grammar, is some derivation from
the ordinary form, or construction, or application of word,;
in a sentence, for the purpose of greater precision, variety,
or elegance of expression.
1040. There are tbree kinds of Figures; viz., of Etymology, of Syntax,
and of FJ,c/'" it. The first nnd the second refer to tbefoTIU of words, or
to tbeir construction; and tbe last to tbeir appliwtion.
FIGURES OF ETYMOLOGY.
1041. A figure of Etymology is a departure from tbe usual or simple
funll of words, merely.
1042. Of these, tbe most important are eight j viz., A-ph((!r-e-sis, Prosthe-sis,
Syn.co·pe, A-poc-o-pe, Par-a-gog-ge, Di-((!r-e-sis, Syn-tEr-e-sis, and.
Tme-sil.
1. AphtETesis is tbe elision of a By liable fl'om the beginning of a word;
as, gainst, 'gan, 'bove, 'neath, for against, began, above, beneath;
2. Prosthesis is the prefixiDg of a syllable to a word; as, adown, agoing,
&c., for dOll.m, /Joinj, ,-te.
3. Syncope is the elisioD of a letter or syllabIc, usually a short one, from
the middle of a word; as, med'cine, sP'Tit, e'en, for medicine, spirit, even,
.1. Apocope is the elision of a letter or syllable from the end of a word;
:lS, tho', for though, th' fur the.
G. Paragoge is the annexing of a syllable to the end of a word; ns,
deary, for dea r.
6. DitEl'esis is the division of two concurrent vowels into different syl.
lables, usually marked thus ( .. ) on the second vowel; as, couperate, aerial,
7. Syn((!resis is the joining of two syllables into one, in either orthography
or pronunciation; as, dost, seest, for do est, sei!st, or, loved, learned,
pronounced iu one syllable instead of two, lov-ed, learn-ed.
8. Tlllesi, is separating the parts of a compound word by an interveninc;
term; as, " J~7wt time soever "-" On which side soever"_" To us
1L'ard."
FIGURES OF SYNTAX.
1043. A figure of Syntax is a deviation from the usual construction of
words in a ~entence, used for the sake of greater beauty or force.
1044. Of these, tbe most important are Ellipsis, Pleonasm, Syllepsis,
Enallage, Hyperbaton.
1. Ellipsis is the omission of a word or words necessary to the full