RA 00015.pdf - OAR@ICRISAT

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C h i c k p e a The objectives of the chickpea improvement program are: (i) to develop high-yielding disease- and pest-resistant cultivars with good grain quality, (ii) to furnish advanced breeding lines and segregating populations to national and local breeding programs, and (iii) to support regional and national programs through exchange of information, germplasm, and training of personnel. Chickpea is a relatively short-season crop, maturing in approximately 4 months at ICRISAT Center and in a slightly longer time at Hissar in northern India. Thus there is ample time for growing two generations per year, but the climate at ICRISAT Center and Hissar does not permit growing a second generation. For 2 years we grew the second generation in Lebanon, but unsettled conditions there and problems in processing so many samples through quarantine forced us to discontinue. We also utilized the Lahaul Valley in northern India for off-season advance, but the growth conditions were less than optimum and there was also a problem of acquiring land; we abandoned that location after the 1976 crop. We are presently growing offseason test plantings at three sites in Kashmir, hoping to find a location to supplement the work at ICRISAT Center and at Hissar. Research in breeding, physiology, and germplasm evaluation has been carried out at both of the above locations; research in pathology, entomology, and microbiology has been concentrated at ICRISAT Center. 11 10 Chickpea 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 Figure 35. Chickpea germplasm accessions at ICRISAT Center. Table 34. Chickpea germplasm accessions obtained in 1976-1977. Source Entries Agricultural Research Station, Badnapur, Aurangabad, India 29 Survey collection from Afghanistan 30 Agricultural Research Station, Wagga, Australia 19 Agricultural Research Station, Arnej, Ahmedabad, India 12 Survey collection from Gujarat and Maharashtra, India 133 Survey collection from Eastern U.P., India 49 All-India Pulse Workshop 24 Total 296 G e r m p l a s m Resources We now have 11140 accessions of Cicer arietinum L. Figure 2 shows the geographic origin of the accessions. During the year, collection trips were made in Afghanistan and in India - i n the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra, and the eastern area of Uttar Pradesh. A number of accessions were contributed by colleagues. A summary of new accessions is listed in Table 34. Evaluation and Maintenance Germplasm accessions planted during the year were evaluated primarily for disease resistance, although this was not our original purpose. The field planted at ICRISAT Center turned out to be a hot spot for Fusarium wilt, and approximately half of 3784 lines planted were diseased. Observations on 24 morphological and yield characters could be recorded properly for only 850 accessions. At Hissar, only 67 of 2 363 97
accessions planted remained free of stunt. However, it was possible to record full data on 615. A total of 181 promising lines were grown in replicated tests for more precise evaluation; harvest index ranged from 14.5 to 70.8 percent and flowering duration from 24 to 66 days at ICRISAT Center. Seed Distribution Requests were filled as indicated in Table 35. In addition, 8 591 samples were utilized by other disciplines within ICRISAT. Breeding P r o g r a m Hybridization Our crossing block consists of lines selected from the germplasm and is a working collection for the breeding program. This year there were more than 300 strains selected for various traits, including high yield, plant type, maturity period, seed size, podding habit, disease resistance, protein content, wide adaptation, and other special characters. Based on performance, a number of lines are dropped each year, and others are added from the germplasm pool. Table 35. Chickpea germplasm supplied to research agencies in India and other nations during 1976- 1977. Institution Location Entries I N D I A : Osmania University Kakatiya University Haryana Agricultural University Regional Research Station I A R I Agricultural Research Station Punjab Agricultural University Punjab Agricultural University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Chandra Shekar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology Banaras Hindu University OTHER NATIONS: University of Ottawa Mr. Guitierrez University of Reading Centre National de Recherches Agronomiques Minor Irrigation Project, F A O Agricultural Research Centre, C/o U N D P Department of Scientific and Industrial Research I C A R D A Chief Agricultural Research Officer Hyderabad, A.P. Warangal, A.P. Hissar, Haryana Raichur, Karnataka New Delhi Nayagarh, Orissa Gurdaspur, Punjab Ludhiana, Punjab Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu Kanpur, U.P. Varanasi, U.P. Canada Palmira, Colombia England Versailles, France Nakuru, Kenya Tripoli, Libya Christ Church, New Zealand Syria Lusaka, Zambia 10 20 106 37 55 7 226 363 50 53 1000 9 10 24 12 10 20 15 10 50 98
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ICRISAT ANNUAL REPORT 1976-1977 I n
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About This Report This is the fourt
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F a r m i n g s y s t e m s 129,133
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Dr. Djibril Sene (Member) Delegatio
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N. Seetharama, Ph.D., plant physiol
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Acronyms and selected abbreviations
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Director's Introduction The year de
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A high point of the ICRISAT year wa
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Research has reached the stage wher
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Work continued on the ICRISAT water
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ing Board has established a standin
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made by the ICRISAT programs in Afr
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The efficiency of small plots in sc
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shows great potential for reduced s
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T H E C E R E A L S Sorghum (Sorghu
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S o r g h u m Germplasm Collection
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Table 1 continued Institution Locat
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ny are being evaluated jointly with
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Table 5. Grain-yield dsta on some e
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Table 7. The relationship between c
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Table 8. Yield data of selected gra
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3000 2 500 2000 A. M i l d Stress r
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Products Institute, London. The maj
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focused on learning how to manage o
Page 59 and 60: acetylene-induced ethylene producti
Page 64 and 65: P e a r l M i l l e t Germplasm We
Page 66 and 67: Figure 15. Cluster bagging and self
Page 68 and 69: Figure 18. Multiplication plot of a
Page 70 and 71: taken on potential parents, is bein
Page 72 and 73: Six hybrids in P M H T 1 yielded on
Page 74 and 75: the south (at Bhavanisagar) and wor
Page 76 and 77: Figure 22. Transverse section of th
Page 78 and 79: Relationship Among Plant Type, Popu
Page 80 and 81: materials in a sick-plot (i.e. a fi
Page 82 and 83: Ergot Less progress has been made w
Page 84 and 85: Using a 3:1 ratio to convert ethyle
Page 86: Pathology. The large-scale field sc
Page 89: search for new strains and related
Page 93 and 94: Available data on germplasm accessi
Page 95 and 96: Table 26 continued Institution Loca
Page 97 and 98: tivars in experimental plots. Ident
Page 99 and 100: niques will be tested for reliabili
Page 101 and 102: Figure 29. Screening for salt toler
Page 103 and 104: Nitrogen fixation by the nodules is
Page 105 and 106: fungus remained restricted to the u
Page 107 and 108: Whole-seed Protein vs. Dhal Protein
Page 109: The scope and limitations of taking
Page 115 and 116: were carried out, particularly in I
Page 117 and 118: Table 37. Yield of chickpea followi
Page 119 and 120: 30 20 10 0 40 30 20 10 0 8 6 4 2 0
Page 121 and 122: weight and leaf area of the seedlin
Page 123 and 124: In an experiment to determine the e
Page 125 and 126: 0.75 0.65 0.55 r =+ 0.802** = - 0 .
Page 127 and 128: Table 42. Test and breeding materia
Page 132 and 133: G r o u n d n u t The groundnut imp
Page 134 and 135: Figure 45. Field hybridization tech
Page 136 and 137: Table 45. Performance of cultivars
Page 138 and 139: leaf extract. The titers obtained w
Page 140 and 141: to be either Hoagland or Shrive and
Page 142: kernels. We also plan to examine th
Page 148 and 149: F a r m i n g S y s t e m s 1) To a
Page 150 and 151: 120 112 6 0 93 50 4 0 30 2 0 10 0 J
Page 152 and 153: 30 25 20 15 10 60 50 40 30 a . 0 7
Page 154 and 155: Table 47. Climatic characteristics
Page 156 and 157: years, rainfall has a tendency to c
Page 158 and 159: cm bed at 0.6 % slope) and BW4 C (r
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Table 48. Effect of row spacing and
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and graded to no symptom on the you
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possible. Excess tillage tends to a
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A study is being initiated to analy
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The effects of three contour bunds
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Table 51. Effect of land management
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Table 52. Effects of plant populati
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Table 54. Land Equivalent Ratio and
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163
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Table 57. Larval parasitism on Heli
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Table 58. Pod numbers produced per
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Plants artificially lodged appeared
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3000 2000 1000 0 M F V,F,M V,F V V
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which ratooning of pigeonpea has be
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maize and sorghum as intercrops rec
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with the traditional blade harrow o
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farming system is examined on an op
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wide range of agroclimatic and econ
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183
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An experiment comparing broad beds
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the evapotranspiration for sorghum
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was no more than 50 percent of the
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Table 71. Grain yields and rupee va
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stands and growth. The average gros
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Vertisol watersheds). Thus, to make
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References Cocheme, J., and P. Fran
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SHOLAPUR DISTRICT MAHARASHTRA PENIN
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100 90 80 Small farms Medium farms
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150 Intercultivation with bullocks
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Credit and Risk Data from ICRISAT's
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nearly suit the requirements of bor
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150 140 130 C h i c k p e a s 120 1
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28000 2 6 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0
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Interregional Trade and Welfare Spa
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C o o p e r a t i v e P r o g r a m
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utilizing six widely separated loca
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familiar with the Institute's ongoi
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Table 79. Persons completing long-t
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Figure 99. ICRISAT's program for in
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P l a n t Q u a r a n t i n e For t
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Table 81 continued Sorghum Millet C
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the University of Reading, U K , fo
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C o m p u t e r S e r v i c e s ICR
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L i b r a r y The Library was shift
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Figure 101. The ICRISAT Library and
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