RA 00015.pdf - OAR@ICRISAT

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2 8 5 0 0 2 7 5 0 0 2 6 5 0 0 25 500 2 4 5 0 0 Countries w i t h centrally planned economies P = 20492.70 + 583.59 t ( 7 . 8 2 ) b 2 3 5 0 0 22 500 2 1 5 0 0 20 500 0 2 2 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 19000 18000 17000 16000 15000 P= 16013.80 + 207.60 t (1.25) Countries w i t h l e s s - developed market economies (in SAT) 0 2 0 5 0 2 0 0 0 1950 1900 1850 1800 1 7 5 0 P = 1 8 0 7 . 5 5 + 20.32 t (3.70) Countries w i t h l e s s - developed market economies (other than SAT) 0 70 60 50 40 30 Countries w i t h developed market economies ( i n SAT) P = 2 1 . 0 2 + 1.66 t (1.63) 20 10 0 1964 6 5 66 61 6 8 6 9 70 71 72 73 74 Y e a r Equations represent linear trend lines f i t t e d by ordinary least squares regression a n a l y s i s . ( t ) Figures in parentheses are tavalues. Countries w i t h developed market economies (other than SAT) P = 6 3 . 5 5 - 4 . 9 1 t ( - 1 3 . 1 5 ) Figure 96. World millet production trends. 215
Interregional Trade and Welfare Spatial equilibrium models were used to explain the potential contribution of improved market channels and trade on cropping patterns, aggregate productivity, and the welfare of consumers and producers. Examples of rice, sorghum, and chickpeas grown in Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra were selected for study. Results suggested that if trade in food grains were restricted to 10 percent of "free-trade" levels, food-grain production would be about 2 percent less in these three states. Most of the reduction would occur in chickpea, and to a lesser extent in sorghum (Table 78), because regions would be prevented from concentrating on crops for which they have a comparative advantage. Relative prices of food grains would be also markedly affected by trade restrictions. For example, prices of the three grains would fall in Madhya Pradesh (Table 78). This would mean substantial reductions in the production of the three crops in that state. In Andhra Pradesh, chickpea prices would rise by about 140 percent. Prices and production of rice in Maharashtra would rise and for chickpeas they would fall. This illustrates how restrictive trade policies can encourage production of crops in areas where the crops do not have a comparative advantage, and away from those where they do grow comparatively well. Pulse production in India has declined substantially in recent years. The analysis above illustrates how food policies could be used to enhance pulse production and help arrest this trend. In the process, welfare of consumers and producers as a whole could be improved. However, the distribution of these welfare gains would differ amongst the states and between consumers and producers. L o o k i n g A h e a d in the Economics Program In the Economics Program, we expect - — to continue our village-level studies in southern India for a further year or two, and to extend them to include areas in northern India and Africa; — to develop simulation models which can help evaluate the potential for water harvesting and supplementary irrigation on different crops in different agroclimates; Table 78. Estimated price and production changes resulting from food-grain trade restrictions in three states of India. States Andhra Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Overall Crops Price Production Price Production Price Production Production (Change in %) Rice Sorghum Chickpea - 8 - 1 - 3 8 - 4 + 143 - 3 4 - 3 7 - 6 1 - 5 - 7 - 1 7 + 68 +29 + 38 - 4 - 6 2 - 2 2 + 1 - 5 - 1 3 a From zero production in the unrestricted case to only 44000 metric tons. 216
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ICRISAT ANNUAL REPORT 1976-1977 I n
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About This Report This is the fourt
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F a r m i n g s y s t e m s 129,133
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Dr. Djibril Sene (Member) Delegatio
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N. Seetharama, Ph.D., plant physiol
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Acronyms and selected abbreviations
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Director's Introduction The year de
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A high point of the ICRISAT year wa
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Research has reached the stage wher
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Work continued on the ICRISAT water
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ing Board has established a standin
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made by the ICRISAT programs in Afr
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The efficiency of small plots in sc
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shows great potential for reduced s
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T H E C E R E A L S Sorghum (Sorghu
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S o r g h u m Germplasm Collection
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Table 1 continued Institution Locat
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ny are being evaluated jointly with
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Table 5. Grain-yield dsta on some e
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Table 7. The relationship between c
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Table 8. Yield data of selected gra
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3000 2 500 2000 A. M i l d Stress r
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Products Institute, London. The maj
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focused on learning how to manage o
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acetylene-induced ethylene producti
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P e a r l M i l l e t Germplasm We
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Figure 15. Cluster bagging and self
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Figure 18. Multiplication plot of a
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taken on potential parents, is bein
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Six hybrids in P M H T 1 yielded on
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the south (at Bhavanisagar) and wor
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Figure 22. Transverse section of th
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Relationship Among Plant Type, Popu
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materials in a sick-plot (i.e. a fi
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Ergot Less progress has been made w
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Using a 3:1 ratio to convert ethyle
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Pathology. The large-scale field sc
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search for new strains and related
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Available data on germplasm accessi
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Table 26 continued Institution Loca
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tivars in experimental plots. Ident
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niques will be tested for reliabili
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Figure 29. Screening for salt toler
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Nitrogen fixation by the nodules is
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fungus remained restricted to the u
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Whole-seed Protein vs. Dhal Protein
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The scope and limitations of taking
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accessions planted remained free of
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were carried out, particularly in I
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Table 37. Yield of chickpea followi
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30 20 10 0 40 30 20 10 0 8 6 4 2 0
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weight and leaf area of the seedlin
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In an experiment to determine the e
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0.75 0.65 0.55 r =+ 0.802** = - 0 .
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Table 42. Test and breeding materia
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G r o u n d n u t The groundnut imp
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Figure 45. Field hybridization tech
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Table 45. Performance of cultivars
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leaf extract. The titers obtained w
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to be either Hoagland or Shrive and
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kernels. We also plan to examine th
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F a r m i n g S y s t e m s 1) To a
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120 112 6 0 93 50 4 0 30 2 0 10 0 J
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30 25 20 15 10 60 50 40 30 a . 0 7
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Table 47. Climatic characteristics
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years, rainfall has a tendency to c
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cm bed at 0.6 % slope) and BW4 C (r
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Table 48. Effect of row spacing and
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and graded to no symptom on the you
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possible. Excess tillage tends to a
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A study is being initiated to analy
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The effects of three contour bunds
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Table 51. Effect of land management
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Table 52. Effects of plant populati
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Table 54. Land Equivalent Ratio and
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163
Page 178 and 179: Table 57. Larval parasitism on Heli
Page 180 and 181: Table 58. Pod numbers produced per
Page 182 and 183: Plants artificially lodged appeared
Page 184 and 185: 3000 2000 1000 0 M F V,F,M V,F V V
Page 186 and 187: which ratooning of pigeonpea has be
Page 188 and 189: maize and sorghum as intercrops rec
Page 190 and 191: with the traditional blade harrow o
Page 192 and 193: farming system is examined on an op
Page 194 and 195: wide range of agroclimatic and econ
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Page 198 and 199: An experiment comparing broad beds
Page 200 and 201: the evapotranspiration for sorghum
Page 202 and 203: was no more than 50 percent of the
Page 204 and 205: Table 71. Grain yields and rupee va
Page 206 and 207: stands and growth. The average gros
Page 208 and 209: Vertisol watersheds). Thus, to make
Page 210: References Cocheme, J., and P. Fran
Page 215 and 216: SHOLAPUR DISTRICT MAHARASHTRA PENIN
Page 217 and 218: 100 90 80 Small farms Medium farms
Page 219 and 220: 150 Intercultivation with bullocks
Page 221 and 222: Credit and Risk Data from ICRISAT's
Page 223 and 224: nearly suit the requirements of bor
Page 225 and 226: 150 140 130 C h i c k p e a s 120 1
Page 227: 28000 2 6 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0
Page 232 and 233: C o o p e r a t i v e P r o g r a m
Page 234 and 235: utilizing six widely separated loca
Page 236 and 237: familiar with the Institute's ongoi
Page 238 and 239: Table 79. Persons completing long-t
Page 240 and 241: Figure 99. ICRISAT's program for in
Page 242 and 243: P l a n t Q u a r a n t i n e For t
Page 244 and 245: Table 81 continued Sorghum Millet C
Page 246 and 247: the University of Reading, U K , fo
Page 248 and 249: C o m p u t e r S e r v i c e s ICR
Page 250 and 251: L i b r a r y The Library was shift
Page 252 and 253: Figure 101. The ICRISAT Library and
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