RA 00015.pdf - OAR@ICRISAT

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Table 6. Striga plants per sorghum plant, Striga plants per plot, and laboratory germination index (Swarna = 100) of the 15 best Striga-resistant lines selected in field testing at Akola during rainy season 1976. Striga Striga plants per plants Striga sorghum per germination Entry Source plant plot index a Remarks (no) (no) (%) SRN 4841 Samaru, Nigeria 0.00 0.00 0.00 Resistant to S. hermonthica IS 5603 India (farmers' type) 0.00 0.00 180.17 23-4 Mohol, India (selection from Matdani x Bonganhilo) 0.00 0.00 88.46 IS 2643 India 0.00 0.00 0.00 Resistant to 5. asiatica (BH4-1-4) IS 6942 Sudan 0.00 0.00 97.31 Resistant to S. hermonthica SRN 1352 Samaru, Nigeria 0.01 0.25 6.92 Resistant to 5. hermonthica IS 1464 India (farmers' type) 0.02 0.25 162.50 N-13 Nandyal, India 0.02 0.25 100.10 Yellow pericarp SRN 4310A Samaru, Nigeria 0.02 0.25 5.98 Resistant to S. hermonthica SRN 6788A Samaru, Nigeria 0.02 0.50 106.68 Resistant to S. hermonthica 555 India (IS3687 x Aispuri) 0.03 0.50 0.00 SRN 6838B Samaru, Nigeria 0.05 0.75 64.65 Resistant to S. hermonthica IS 5218 India (farmers' type) 0.05 1.00 98.38 IS 8264 Uganda 0.06 1.25 104.56 Resistant to S. hermonthica IS 1506 India (farmers' type) 0.08 1.50 93.80 CSH-1 8.28 128.27 - Check (field tests) Swarna - - 100.00 Check (laboratory germination test) a Reflects the number of seeds of S. asiatica germinated by the cultivar in the laboratory, expressed as a percentage of the number germinated by the check cultivar Swarna. first yield test in postrainy season 1979. It is proposed to incorporate stem-borer and midge resistance into the same population. Grain-grass Sorghums Grain-grass sorghums are shorter, earlier, higher tillering, and smaller in the head than normal sorghums, and are intended for use in droughtprone areas where total rainfall is around 350 to 500 mm. Improved grain-grass types are available from selections from crosses; a population is also being formed. Testing under low fertility and high population density (450 000 plants/ha) took place 33
Table 7. The relationship between cultivar and germination, expressed as laboratory germination index (Swama = 100), of Striga spp. from five locations in India. Source of S. asiatica Source of S. densiflora ICRISAT Cultivar Center Parbhani Surat Akola Coimbatore Surat Coimbatore IS 8315 x WABC 4072 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.87 26.41 0.00 IS 7191 1.43 0.00 1.53 0.00 6.33 191.24 0.00 IS 3962 x W A B C 1022 0.27 1.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.03 0.00 IS 2404 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.44 0.00 S 1137 2.62 1.68 2.18 0.00 0.00 73.73 0.00 IS 7415 0.00 3.47 0.00 0.00 2.05 56.45 0.00 SRN-4310A 7.76 4.24 8.15 0.00 0.00 64.11 0.00 IS 7227 2.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.83 0.00 IS 2646 - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.89 0.00 76K3 -97 1.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.23 0.00 Framida 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 137.44 IS 7408 3.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.65 0.00 IS 3898 1.37 0.00 0.00 1.18 0.00 46.54 0.00 SRN-5192 (IS 4997) 0.00 8.16 2.26 - - 0.00 - SRN-6496 (IS 9674) 0.00 4.84 0.00 - - 0.00 - Swarna a 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 a The number of Striga seeds germinated by each cultivar is expressed as a percentage of the number germinated by Swarna. With the S. asiatica seed collected from Coimbatore, for example, the number of seeds germinated by IS 7191 was 6.33 percent of the number germinated by Swarna. during postrainy season 1976. One selection significantly outyielded the hybrid check, and eight significantly outyielded the better varietal check (Table 8). However, the hybrid and varietal checks were sown at the high population level, which inhibited their performance. Trials are now being conducted with grain-grass and grain sorghum types, each at their optimum population levels. Identified sources of resistance to Striga, grain mold, shoot fly, stem borer, and midge have been crossed into grain-grass types. These crosses were evaluated in collaboration with entomologists and pathologists; 22 were identified as less susceptible to shoot fly and 8 less susceptible to Striga. Further crosses have been made to identify resistant sources. Collaborative studies with the physiologists indicate that some grain-grass lines have drought tolerance and good recovery after release of stress. At ICRISAT Center, a plant population of 400000 to 700000 plants per hectare is optimum. Thirteen lines are being further evaluated for ratooning capability under dry-land conditions. Physiology Mechanical Resistance to Striga In order to better understand the nature of mechanical resistance to Striga, we have undertaken studies of the mode of infection or invasion 34
Page 2: ICRISAT ANNUAL REPORT 1976-1977 I n
Page 5 and 6: About This Report This is the fourt
Page 7 and 8: F a r m i n g s y s t e m s 129,133
Page 9 and 10: Dr. Djibril Sene (Member) Delegatio
Page 11 and 12: N. Seetharama, Ph.D., plant physiol
Page 13 and 14: Acronyms and selected abbreviations
Page 16 and 17: Director's Introduction The year de
Page 18 and 19: A high point of the ICRISAT year wa
Page 20 and 21: Research has reached the stage wher
Page 22 and 23: Work continued on the ICRISAT water
Page 24: ing Board has established a standin
Page 27 and 28: made by the ICRISAT programs in Afr
Page 29 and 30: The efficiency of small plots in sc
Page 31 and 32: shows great potential for reduced s
Page 36 and 37: T H E C E R E A L S Sorghum (Sorghu
Page 40 and 41: S o r g h u m Germplasm Collection
Page 42: Table 1 continued Institution Locat
Page 45 and 46: ny are being evaluated jointly with
Page 47: Table 5. Grain-yield dsta on some e
Page 51 and 52: Table 8. Yield data of selected gra
Page 53 and 54: 3000 2 500 2000 A. M i l d Stress r
Page 55 and 56: Products Institute, London. The maj
Page 57 and 58: focused on learning how to manage o
Page 59 and 60: acetylene-induced ethylene producti
Page 64 and 65: P e a r l M i l l e t Germplasm We
Page 66 and 67: Figure 15. Cluster bagging and self
Page 68 and 69: Figure 18. Multiplication plot of a
Page 70 and 71: taken on potential parents, is bein
Page 72 and 73: Six hybrids in P M H T 1 yielded on
Page 74 and 75: the south (at Bhavanisagar) and wor
Page 76 and 77: Figure 22. Transverse section of th
Page 78 and 79: Relationship Among Plant Type, Popu
Page 80 and 81: materials in a sick-plot (i.e. a fi
Page 82 and 83: Ergot Less progress has been made w
Page 84 and 85: Using a 3:1 ratio to convert ethyle
Page 86: Pathology. The large-scale field sc
Page 89: search for new strains and related
Page 93 and 94: Available data on germplasm accessi
Page 95 and 96: Table 26 continued Institution Loca
Page 97 and 98: tivars in experimental plots. Ident
Page 99 and 100:
niques will be tested for reliabili
Page 101 and 102:
Figure 29. Screening for salt toler
Page 103 and 104:
Nitrogen fixation by the nodules is
Page 105 and 106:
fungus remained restricted to the u
Page 107 and 108:
Whole-seed Protein vs. Dhal Protein
Page 109:
The scope and limitations of taking
Page 113 and 114:
accessions planted remained free of
Page 115 and 116:
were carried out, particularly in I
Page 117 and 118:
Table 37. Yield of chickpea followi
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30 20 10 0 40 30 20 10 0 8 6 4 2 0
Page 121 and 122:
weight and leaf area of the seedlin
Page 123 and 124:
In an experiment to determine the e
Page 125 and 126:
0.75 0.65 0.55 r =+ 0.802** = - 0 .
Page 127 and 128:
Table 42. Test and breeding materia
Page 132 and 133:
G r o u n d n u t The groundnut imp
Page 134 and 135:
Figure 45. Field hybridization tech
Page 136 and 137:
Table 45. Performance of cultivars
Page 138 and 139:
leaf extract. The titers obtained w
Page 140 and 141:
to be either Hoagland or Shrive and
Page 142:
kernels. We also plan to examine th
Page 148 and 149:
F a r m i n g S y s t e m s 1) To a
Page 150 and 151:
120 112 6 0 93 50 4 0 30 2 0 10 0 J
Page 152 and 153:
30 25 20 15 10 60 50 40 30 a . 0 7
Page 154 and 155:
Table 47. Climatic characteristics
Page 156 and 157:
years, rainfall has a tendency to c
Page 158 and 159:
cm bed at 0.6 % slope) and BW4 C (r
Page 160 and 161:
Table 48. Effect of row spacing and
Page 162 and 163:
and graded to no symptom on the you
Page 164 and 165:
possible. Excess tillage tends to a
Page 166 and 167:
A study is being initiated to analy
Page 168 and 169:
The effects of three contour bunds
Page 170 and 171:
Table 51. Effect of land management
Page 172 and 173:
Table 52. Effects of plant populati
Page 174 and 175:
Table 54. Land Equivalent Ratio and
Page 176 and 177:
163
Page 178 and 179:
Table 57. Larval parasitism on Heli
Page 180 and 181:
Table 58. Pod numbers produced per
Page 182 and 183:
Plants artificially lodged appeared
Page 184 and 185:
3000 2000 1000 0 M F V,F,M V,F V V
Page 186 and 187:
which ratooning of pigeonpea has be
Page 188 and 189:
maize and sorghum as intercrops rec
Page 190 and 191:
with the traditional blade harrow o
Page 192 and 193:
farming system is examined on an op
Page 194 and 195:
wide range of agroclimatic and econ
Page 196 and 197:
183
Page 198 and 199:
An experiment comparing broad beds
Page 200 and 201:
the evapotranspiration for sorghum
Page 202 and 203:
was no more than 50 percent of the
Page 204 and 205:
Table 71. Grain yields and rupee va
Page 206 and 207:
stands and growth. The average gros
Page 208 and 209:
Vertisol watersheds). Thus, to make
Page 210:
References Cocheme, J., and P. Fran
Page 215 and 216:
SHOLAPUR DISTRICT MAHARASHTRA PENIN
Page 217 and 218:
100 90 80 Small farms Medium farms
Page 219 and 220:
150 Intercultivation with bullocks
Page 221 and 222:
Credit and Risk Data from ICRISAT's
Page 223 and 224:
nearly suit the requirements of bor
Page 225 and 226:
150 140 130 C h i c k p e a s 120 1
Page 227 and 228:
28000 2 6 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0
Page 229 and 230:
Interregional Trade and Welfare Spa
Page 232 and 233:
C o o p e r a t i v e P r o g r a m
Page 234 and 235:
utilizing six widely separated loca
Page 236 and 237:
familiar with the Institute's ongoi
Page 238 and 239:
Table 79. Persons completing long-t
Page 240 and 241:
Figure 99. ICRISAT's program for in
Page 242 and 243:
P l a n t Q u a r a n t i n e For t
Page 244 and 245:
Table 81 continued Sorghum Millet C
Page 246 and 247:
the University of Reading, U K , fo
Page 248 and 249:
C o m p u t e r S e r v i c e s ICR
Page 250 and 251:
L i b r a r y The Library was shift
Page 252 and 253:
Figure 101. The ICRISAT Library and
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