RA 00015.pdf - OAR@ICRISAT

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taken on potential parents, is being developed to ensure that the best crosses will be made. In rainy season 1976, 525 new F 1 's and 1000 F 2 's were grown. The best selections from these were advanced in the 1977 hot dry season nursery where 266 superior F 3 's and 126 F 4 's were identified for the 1977 Uniform Nurseries. The remaining 1976 selections will be grown in rainy season 1977. From more advanced lines, 48 progeniesmostly of African x Indian parentage - were chosen after intense selection for tillering (either one or many synchronous tillers), disease resistance, seed setting, and yield potential for entry into 1977 replicated yield trials; these lines, in nursery form, have also been supplied to 30 breeders in the SAT. Ninety inbreds were tested in two yield trials at several locations in 1976. In both trials, a few inbreds gave yields equal to the hybrid check PHB 14. In Trial 1, grown at Bambey, Senegal, and at three Indian locations, three inbreds showed low levels of downy mildew incidence, besides yields equal to the check (Table 14). If the general relationship between inbred and hybrid yield levels holds true, then good inbred lines per se can be expected to produce better hybrids or synthetics. High inbred yield levels are also desirable in hybrid seed parents. Three synthetics were generated from good inbreds and tested in IPMAT-2 (see International Cooperation) in 1976. One of these (SYN 7601, composed of six lines) showed some potential, but will require some refinement before release because it exhibited more phenotypic variability than is acceptable. Hybrids Three systems of cytoplasmic male sterility are being used to produce high-yielding diseaseresistant hybrids. Potential hybrid parents are developed in both the Variety Cross and Population Improvement projects and pass through three stages. Initially test-crosses are evaluated in single plots at ICRISAT Center, where most have to be discarded because of incomplete pollen shedding. Agronomically satisfactory fertile crosses move to the second stage —a replicated trial at several locations, including the DM nursery. Those surviving reach the third stage of wider national and international testing (Fig 20). Table 14. Grain yields and downy mildew incidence of selected inbreds in P M I T 1,1976. Grain yield Increase ICRISAT Bambey, above Center a Senegal Mean b PHB-14 DM incidence ICRISAT Center Bambey, Senegal (kg/ha) (%) (%) (%) Souna D 2 x Ex-Bornu-161 T 166-2 x 700594 700638 xSC3(M)-17-1-2 PHB 14 c Mean (46 entries) L.S.D. (0.05) 3675 3184 3647 3475 2424 ±396 1110 2190 2507 1853 1657 1619 ±2 6 2 735 2649 2344 2264 2220 1671 ±330 752 19 6 2 - - 2 5 1.6 0.0 1.4 11.3 1.4 1.3 2.5 13.7 NA d N A a The plots at ICRISAT Center had received 80 kg P 2 O 5 and 150 kg N per ha. b Mean yield over four locations. c Highest-yielding check. d Not averaged. 55
Figure 20. Flow of genetic material through the ICRISAT pearl millet hybrid program. Parents found to be good maintainers are developed into A/B pairs. Crosses have been made between existing B-lines and between B- lines and sources of DM resistance to generate new seed parents. F 3 's from these crosses have been selected for testing in India and Africa in 1977. Similarly, good R lines have been intercrossed to generate new pollen parents. In 1976, 5054A, 5141A, 111A, MS75A, 239D 2 A, and 67A were used as seed parents in producing hybrids tested in three third-stage hybrid trials (PMHT 1, 2, and 3, divided on a height basis) and one second-stage trial (PMHT 4) conducted in rainy season 1976. Restorer lines originated variously from India, Africa, ICRISAT composite progenies, and newly developed progenies from Indian x African crosses. Figure 21. Developing new pearl millet hybrids at ICRISAT Center. 56
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ICRISAT ANNUAL REPORT 1976-1977 I n
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About This Report This is the fourt
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F a r m i n g s y s t e m s 129,133
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Dr. Djibril Sene (Member) Delegatio
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N. Seetharama, Ph.D., plant physiol
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Acronyms and selected abbreviations
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Director's Introduction The year de
Page 18 and 19:
A high point of the ICRISAT year wa
Page 20 and 21: Research has reached the stage wher
Page 22 and 23: Work continued on the ICRISAT water
Page 24: ing Board has established a standin
Page 27 and 28: made by the ICRISAT programs in Afr
Page 29 and 30: The efficiency of small plots in sc
Page 31 and 32: shows great potential for reduced s
Page 36 and 37: T H E C E R E A L S Sorghum (Sorghu
Page 40 and 41: S o r g h u m Germplasm Collection
Page 42: Table 1 continued Institution Locat
Page 45 and 46: ny are being evaluated jointly with
Page 47 and 48: Table 5. Grain-yield dsta on some e
Page 49 and 50: Table 7. The relationship between c
Page 51 and 52: Table 8. Yield data of selected gra
Page 53 and 54: 3000 2 500 2000 A. M i l d Stress r
Page 55 and 56: Products Institute, London. The maj
Page 57 and 58: focused on learning how to manage o
Page 59 and 60: acetylene-induced ethylene producti
Page 64 and 65: P e a r l M i l l e t Germplasm We
Page 66 and 67: Figure 15. Cluster bagging and self
Page 68 and 69: Figure 18. Multiplication plot of a
Page 72 and 73: Six hybrids in P M H T 1 yielded on
Page 74 and 75: the south (at Bhavanisagar) and wor
Page 76 and 77: Figure 22. Transverse section of th
Page 78 and 79: Relationship Among Plant Type, Popu
Page 80 and 81: materials in a sick-plot (i.e. a fi
Page 82 and 83: Ergot Less progress has been made w
Page 84 and 85: Using a 3:1 ratio to convert ethyle
Page 86: Pathology. The large-scale field sc
Page 89: search for new strains and related
Page 93 and 94: Available data on germplasm accessi
Page 95 and 96: Table 26 continued Institution Loca
Page 97 and 98: tivars in experimental plots. Ident
Page 99 and 100: niques will be tested for reliabili
Page 101 and 102: Figure 29. Screening for salt toler
Page 103 and 104: Nitrogen fixation by the nodules is
Page 105 and 106: fungus remained restricted to the u
Page 107 and 108: Whole-seed Protein vs. Dhal Protein
Page 109: The scope and limitations of taking
Page 113 and 114: accessions planted remained free of
Page 115 and 116: were carried out, particularly in I
Page 117 and 118: Table 37. Yield of chickpea followi
Page 119 and 120: 30 20 10 0 40 30 20 10 0 8 6 4 2 0
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weight and leaf area of the seedlin
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In an experiment to determine the e
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0.75 0.65 0.55 r =+ 0.802** = - 0 .
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Table 42. Test and breeding materia
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G r o u n d n u t The groundnut imp
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Figure 45. Field hybridization tech
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Table 45. Performance of cultivars
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leaf extract. The titers obtained w
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to be either Hoagland or Shrive and
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kernels. We also plan to examine th
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F a r m i n g S y s t e m s 1) To a
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120 112 6 0 93 50 4 0 30 2 0 10 0 J
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30 25 20 15 10 60 50 40 30 a . 0 7
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Table 47. Climatic characteristics
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years, rainfall has a tendency to c
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cm bed at 0.6 % slope) and BW4 C (r
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Table 48. Effect of row spacing and
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and graded to no symptom on the you
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possible. Excess tillage tends to a
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A study is being initiated to analy
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The effects of three contour bunds
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Table 51. Effect of land management
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Table 52. Effects of plant populati
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Table 54. Land Equivalent Ratio and
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163
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Table 57. Larval parasitism on Heli
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Table 58. Pod numbers produced per
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Plants artificially lodged appeared
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3000 2000 1000 0 M F V,F,M V,F V V
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which ratooning of pigeonpea has be
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maize and sorghum as intercrops rec
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with the traditional blade harrow o
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farming system is examined on an op
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wide range of agroclimatic and econ
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183
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An experiment comparing broad beds
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the evapotranspiration for sorghum
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was no more than 50 percent of the
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Table 71. Grain yields and rupee va
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stands and growth. The average gros
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Vertisol watersheds). Thus, to make
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References Cocheme, J., and P. Fran
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SHOLAPUR DISTRICT MAHARASHTRA PENIN
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100 90 80 Small farms Medium farms
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150 Intercultivation with bullocks
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Credit and Risk Data from ICRISAT's
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nearly suit the requirements of bor
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150 140 130 C h i c k p e a s 120 1
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28000 2 6 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0
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Interregional Trade and Welfare Spa
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C o o p e r a t i v e P r o g r a m
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utilizing six widely separated loca
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familiar with the Institute's ongoi
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Table 79. Persons completing long-t
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Figure 99. ICRISAT's program for in
Page 242 and 243:
P l a n t Q u a r a n t i n e For t
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Table 81 continued Sorghum Millet C
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the University of Reading, U K , fo
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C o m p u t e r S e r v i c e s ICR
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L i b r a r y The Library was shift
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Figure 101. The ICRISAT Library and
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