RA 00015.pdf - OAR@ICRISAT

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T H E C E R E A L S Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) P e a r l M i l l e t (Pennisetum americanum L.) Sorghum and millet are the main cereal crops grown under the erratic climatic conditions of the SAT. The two crops occupy in excess of 70 million hectares, and form the staple cereals for many millions of people. The quantum leaps seen in production of rice and wheat, brought about by high-yielding varieties and research-based technology, have in no way been matched by sorghum and pearl millet. Farm practices remain essentially as they have been for thousands of years. A worldwide effort in breeding superior varieties is just now getting under way, and much remains to be learned about the role of cultural practices in increasing yields of these cereals in the SAT. The two cereals can play major roles in feeding the underfed of developing nations if the total benefits of the agricultural sciences can be brought to bear. I C R I S A T Goals Long-term benefits expected through ICRISAT's cereal programs include: Consistent improvement in performance of sorghum and pearl millet over a wide range of environments throughout the SAT. 21
Genotypes that have higher yield potential than now found in cultivated varieties. Improved resistance to insects, diseases, and other parasites. Improved nutritional value, cooking quality, and palatability. ICRISAT scientists are pursuing these goals at ICRISAT Center near Patancheru Village in Andhra Pradesh and at a number of other locations throughout India and the world. They have established communications with cereals breeders throughout the SAT so that exchange and evaluation of genetic materials can be thoroughly accomplished, and so that all may share in progress and approaches to problems. The emphasis is always on cooperation with scientists working in national programs. ICRISAT Center ICRISAT Center provides a wide range of environments for the development and testing of plant materials for the SAT. It has Alfisols and Vertisols and three growing-season environments. The rainy season, known locally as monsoon or kharif, occurs from June through September, and has long days until the September equinox. The postrainy season, known locally as postmonsoon or rabi and occupying the months of October through January, has little rainfall and is cooler and days are shorter. Crops grown during the postrainy season rely on residual soil moisture or on irrigation. From February until the rains begin in June is known as the hot dry season. Temperatures at flowering time are very high during this season, and short-season crops may be grown if irrigation is provided. Certain areas of the Center are saline and others have impeded drainage, making it possible to evaluate plant performance under a variety of conditions as they exist in many areas of the SAT. 22
Page 2: ICRISAT ANNUAL REPORT 1976-1977 I n
Page 5 and 6: About This Report This is the fourt
Page 7 and 8: F a r m i n g s y s t e m s 129,133
Page 9 and 10: Dr. Djibril Sene (Member) Delegatio
Page 11 and 12: N. Seetharama, Ph.D., plant physiol
Page 13 and 14: Acronyms and selected abbreviations
Page 16 and 17: Director's Introduction The year de
Page 18 and 19: A high point of the ICRISAT year wa
Page 20 and 21: Research has reached the stage wher
Page 22 and 23: Work continued on the ICRISAT water
Page 24: ing Board has established a standin
Page 27 and 28: made by the ICRISAT programs in Afr
Page 29 and 30: The efficiency of small plots in sc
Page 31 and 32: shows great potential for reduced s
Page 40 and 41: S o r g h u m Germplasm Collection
Page 42: Table 1 continued Institution Locat
Page 45 and 46: ny are being evaluated jointly with
Page 47 and 48: Table 5. Grain-yield dsta on some e
Page 49 and 50: Table 7. The relationship between c
Page 51 and 52: Table 8. Yield data of selected gra
Page 53 and 54: 3000 2 500 2000 A. M i l d Stress r
Page 55 and 56: Products Institute, London. The maj
Page 57 and 58: focused on learning how to manage o
Page 59 and 60: acetylene-induced ethylene producti
Page 64 and 65: P e a r l M i l l e t Germplasm We
Page 66 and 67: Figure 15. Cluster bagging and self
Page 68 and 69: Figure 18. Multiplication plot of a
Page 70 and 71: taken on potential parents, is bein
Page 72 and 73: Six hybrids in P M H T 1 yielded on
Page 74 and 75: the south (at Bhavanisagar) and wor
Page 76 and 77: Figure 22. Transverse section of th
Page 78 and 79: Relationship Among Plant Type, Popu
Page 80 and 81: materials in a sick-plot (i.e. a fi
Page 82 and 83: Ergot Less progress has been made w
Page 84 and 85:
Using a 3:1 ratio to convert ethyle
Page 86:
Pathology. The large-scale field sc
Page 89:
search for new strains and related
Page 93 and 94:
Available data on germplasm accessi
Page 95 and 96:
Table 26 continued Institution Loca
Page 97 and 98:
tivars in experimental plots. Ident
Page 99 and 100:
niques will be tested for reliabili
Page 101 and 102:
Figure 29. Screening for salt toler
Page 103 and 104:
Nitrogen fixation by the nodules is
Page 105 and 106:
fungus remained restricted to the u
Page 107 and 108:
Whole-seed Protein vs. Dhal Protein
Page 109:
The scope and limitations of taking
Page 113 and 114:
accessions planted remained free of
Page 115 and 116:
were carried out, particularly in I
Page 117 and 118:
Table 37. Yield of chickpea followi
Page 119 and 120:
30 20 10 0 40 30 20 10 0 8 6 4 2 0
Page 121 and 122:
weight and leaf area of the seedlin
Page 123 and 124:
In an experiment to determine the e
Page 125 and 126:
0.75 0.65 0.55 r =+ 0.802** = - 0 .
Page 127 and 128:
Table 42. Test and breeding materia
Page 132 and 133:
G r o u n d n u t The groundnut imp
Page 134 and 135:
Figure 45. Field hybridization tech
Page 136 and 137:
Table 45. Performance of cultivars
Page 138 and 139:
leaf extract. The titers obtained w
Page 140 and 141:
to be either Hoagland or Shrive and
Page 142:
kernels. We also plan to examine th
Page 148 and 149:
F a r m i n g S y s t e m s 1) To a
Page 150 and 151:
120 112 6 0 93 50 4 0 30 2 0 10 0 J
Page 152 and 153:
30 25 20 15 10 60 50 40 30 a . 0 7
Page 154 and 155:
Table 47. Climatic characteristics
Page 156 and 157:
years, rainfall has a tendency to c
Page 158 and 159:
cm bed at 0.6 % slope) and BW4 C (r
Page 160 and 161:
Table 48. Effect of row spacing and
Page 162 and 163:
and graded to no symptom on the you
Page 164 and 165:
possible. Excess tillage tends to a
Page 166 and 167:
A study is being initiated to analy
Page 168 and 169:
The effects of three contour bunds
Page 170 and 171:
Table 51. Effect of land management
Page 172 and 173:
Table 52. Effects of plant populati
Page 174 and 175:
Table 54. Land Equivalent Ratio and
Page 176 and 177:
163
Page 178 and 179:
Table 57. Larval parasitism on Heli
Page 180 and 181:
Table 58. Pod numbers produced per
Page 182 and 183:
Plants artificially lodged appeared
Page 184 and 185:
3000 2000 1000 0 M F V,F,M V,F V V
Page 186 and 187:
which ratooning of pigeonpea has be
Page 188 and 189:
maize and sorghum as intercrops rec
Page 190 and 191:
with the traditional blade harrow o
Page 192 and 193:
farming system is examined on an op
Page 194 and 195:
wide range of agroclimatic and econ
Page 196 and 197:
183
Page 198 and 199:
An experiment comparing broad beds
Page 200 and 201:
the evapotranspiration for sorghum
Page 202 and 203:
was no more than 50 percent of the
Page 204 and 205:
Table 71. Grain yields and rupee va
Page 206 and 207:
stands and growth. The average gros
Page 208 and 209:
Vertisol watersheds). Thus, to make
Page 210:
References Cocheme, J., and P. Fran
Page 215 and 216:
SHOLAPUR DISTRICT MAHARASHTRA PENIN
Page 217 and 218:
100 90 80 Small farms Medium farms
Page 219 and 220:
150 Intercultivation with bullocks
Page 221 and 222:
Credit and Risk Data from ICRISAT's
Page 223 and 224:
nearly suit the requirements of bor
Page 225 and 226:
150 140 130 C h i c k p e a s 120 1
Page 227 and 228:
28000 2 6 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0
Page 229 and 230:
Interregional Trade and Welfare Spa
Page 232 and 233:
C o o p e r a t i v e P r o g r a m
Page 234 and 235:
utilizing six widely separated loca
Page 236 and 237:
familiar with the Institute's ongoi
Page 238 and 239:
Table 79. Persons completing long-t
Page 240 and 241:
Figure 99. ICRISAT's program for in
Page 242 and 243:
P l a n t Q u a r a n t i n e For t
Page 244 and 245:
Table 81 continued Sorghum Millet C
Page 246 and 247:
the University of Reading, U K , fo
Page 248 and 249:
C o m p u t e r S e r v i c e s ICR
Page 250 and 251:
L i b r a r y The Library was shift
Page 252 and 253:
Figure 101. The ICRISAT Library and
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