RA 00015.pdf - OAR@ICRISAT

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P e a r l M i l l e t Germplasm We have now received 5048 accessions which include all the available IP (Indian Pennisetum) entries and 351 added this year from parts of India and West Africa. The great majority of these accessions are landraces collected from farmers' fields, but unfortunately most of the older collections have been excessively selfed or contaminated. The recently appointed millet botanist has therefore been determining which members of the IP collection (including duplicates) still agree with the catalog, and devising practical methods of maintaining variability within the recent accessions. A total of 4 317 entries were sown, standard observations recorded, and selfed seed retained from some. Of 2 250 IP lines studied, 1075 agreed with the catalog description. A further 800 exhibited useful traits and were also kept. Twenty-six lines were selected for use in the breeding program. High levels of rust infection occurred in the germplasm plots and 128 rustfree plants were identified. Allowing plants sown in hills to intercross under large bags, coupled with long-term storage facilities, appears to be a feasible way of maintaining collected variability. The postrainy season, where days are short, will be the most "neutral" season in which to do this; seed quality will also be best at this time. During the year seeds of 1 540 accessions were supplied in response to requests (Table 12). 8 M i l l e t 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 Figure 14. Pearl millet germplasm accessions at ICRISAT Center. Breeding Breeding continued with two main approaches (recurrent selection in composites, and variety crosses) to produce varieties, hybrids, and inbreds for ICRISAT and international yield trials, as well as an array of breeding material for distribution to breeders (Fig 16). The development by ICRISAT cereals pathologists of an effective field technique using infector rows now allows thousands of entries to be screened against downy mildew, in both the rainy and postrainy seasons. Source Material The working collection, consisting of 340 lines from diverse geographical regions having characteristics of agronomic interest, when grown over several seasons and locations indicated existence of an enormous variability for daylength reaction, disease reaction, grain size, drought tolerance, protein content, and restoration ability on the three cytoplasmic malesterile systems. Data gathered on this collection, seed of which is available, has been sent for processing to the Information Sciences/Genetic Resources Program located at the University of Colorado, USA. As further germplasm accessions, including the intermediate forms (shibras) from Africa, are acquired at ICRISAT Center, the working collection will be expanded. In addition to the existing five source populations in this project (Casady, Nigerian Dwarf, Mokwa-maiwa, Maiwa, and Ex-Bornu) we have added four dwarf (D 2 ) populations from I<strong>RA</strong>T, West Africa. These populations (Table 13) are being improved by progeny evaluation and crosses have been made with good progenies to male steriles; to move desirable characteristics into more agronomically advanced backgrounds, crosses have been made to elite material. Downy mildew-resistant lines have been identified for recombination in the Casady and Nigerian dwarf populations, each crossed onto male steriles.
Table 12. Millet germplasm lines supplied to research agencies in India and other nations during 1976- 1977. Institution Location Entries I N D I A : Agricultural Research Station Anantapur, A.P. 60 Millet Research Station of Lam Guntur, A.P. 62 M.S. University Baroda, Gujarat 4 Haryana Agricultural University Hissar, Haryana 2 National Dairy Research Institute Karnal, Haryana 94 Punjabrao Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola, Maharashtra 7 All-India Coordinated Millet Improvement Project Rahuri, Maharashtra 330 Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Rahuri, Maharashtra 12 Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi 2 Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, Punjab 96 Agricultural Research Station of Durgapura Jaipur, Rajasthan 80 Central Arid Zone Research Institute Jodhpur, Rajasthan 32 University of Jodhpur Jodhpur, Rajasthan 12 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 41 Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology Kanpur, U.P. 8 Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, U.P. 9 OTHER NATIONS: National Research Council Saskatoon, Canada 22 Mr. Guitierrez Palmira, Colombia 10 Chinese Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Peking, People's Republic of China 12 Afdeltng for Dyrefysiologi Biokem. Denmark 15 U N D P Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 1 College of Agriculture, University of Ethiopia Debre Zeit, Ethiopia 8 Port Dauphin. S.A. Haiti 4 Agriculture Research Centre Tripoli, Libya 14 Kasinthula Research Station Chikwawa, Malawi 65 C I M M Y T Mexico 30 USAID, Area Development Office Niamey, Niger 114 University of Ibadan Ibadan, Nigeria 62 Institute of Agricultural Research Samaru, Nigeria 969 USAID/USDA Islamabad, Pakistan 449 C N R A Bambey, Senegal 376 Plant Breeding Institute Cambridge, United Kingdom 21 University College of North Wales Bangor, United Kingdom 5 Fundacion Servicio Para el Agricultor Venezuela 18 Mennonite Central Committee Kinshasa, Zaire 10 50
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ICRISAT ANNUAL REPORT 1976-1977 I n
Page 5 and 6:
About This Report This is the fourt
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F a r m i n g s y s t e m s 129,133
Page 9 and 10:
Dr. Djibril Sene (Member) Delegatio
Page 11 and 12: N. Seetharama, Ph.D., plant physiol
Page 13 and 14: Acronyms and selected abbreviations
Page 16 and 17: Director's Introduction The year de
Page 18 and 19: A high point of the ICRISAT year wa
Page 20 and 21: Research has reached the stage wher
Page 22 and 23: Work continued on the ICRISAT water
Page 24: ing Board has established a standin
Page 27 and 28: made by the ICRISAT programs in Afr
Page 29 and 30: The efficiency of small plots in sc
Page 31 and 32: shows great potential for reduced s
Page 36 and 37: T H E C E R E A L S Sorghum (Sorghu
Page 40 and 41: S o r g h u m Germplasm Collection
Page 42: Table 1 continued Institution Locat
Page 45 and 46: ny are being evaluated jointly with
Page 47 and 48: Table 5. Grain-yield dsta on some e
Page 49 and 50: Table 7. The relationship between c
Page 51 and 52: Table 8. Yield data of selected gra
Page 53 and 54: 3000 2 500 2000 A. M i l d Stress r
Page 55 and 56: Products Institute, London. The maj
Page 57 and 58: focused on learning how to manage o
Page 59 and 60: acetylene-induced ethylene producti
Page 66 and 67: Figure 15. Cluster bagging and self
Page 68 and 69: Figure 18. Multiplication plot of a
Page 70 and 71: taken on potential parents, is bein
Page 72 and 73: Six hybrids in P M H T 1 yielded on
Page 74 and 75: the south (at Bhavanisagar) and wor
Page 76 and 77: Figure 22. Transverse section of th
Page 78 and 79: Relationship Among Plant Type, Popu
Page 80 and 81: materials in a sick-plot (i.e. a fi
Page 82 and 83: Ergot Less progress has been made w
Page 84 and 85: Using a 3:1 ratio to convert ethyle
Page 86: Pathology. The large-scale field sc
Page 89: search for new strains and related
Page 93 and 94: Available data on germplasm accessi
Page 95 and 96: Table 26 continued Institution Loca
Page 97 and 98: tivars in experimental plots. Ident
Page 99 and 100: niques will be tested for reliabili
Page 101 and 102: Figure 29. Screening for salt toler
Page 103 and 104: Nitrogen fixation by the nodules is
Page 105 and 106: fungus remained restricted to the u
Page 107 and 108: Whole-seed Protein vs. Dhal Protein
Page 109: The scope and limitations of taking
Page 113 and 114:
accessions planted remained free of
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were carried out, particularly in I
Page 117 and 118:
Table 37. Yield of chickpea followi
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30 20 10 0 40 30 20 10 0 8 6 4 2 0
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weight and leaf area of the seedlin
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In an experiment to determine the e
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0.75 0.65 0.55 r =+ 0.802** = - 0 .
Page 127 and 128:
Table 42. Test and breeding materia
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G r o u n d n u t The groundnut imp
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Figure 45. Field hybridization tech
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Table 45. Performance of cultivars
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leaf extract. The titers obtained w
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to be either Hoagland or Shrive and
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kernels. We also plan to examine th
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F a r m i n g S y s t e m s 1) To a
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120 112 6 0 93 50 4 0 30 2 0 10 0 J
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30 25 20 15 10 60 50 40 30 a . 0 7
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Table 47. Climatic characteristics
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years, rainfall has a tendency to c
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cm bed at 0.6 % slope) and BW4 C (r
Page 160 and 161:
Table 48. Effect of row spacing and
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and graded to no symptom on the you
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possible. Excess tillage tends to a
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A study is being initiated to analy
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The effects of three contour bunds
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Table 51. Effect of land management
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Table 52. Effects of plant populati
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Table 54. Land Equivalent Ratio and
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163
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Table 57. Larval parasitism on Heli
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Table 58. Pod numbers produced per
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Plants artificially lodged appeared
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3000 2000 1000 0 M F V,F,M V,F V V
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which ratooning of pigeonpea has be
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maize and sorghum as intercrops rec
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with the traditional blade harrow o
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farming system is examined on an op
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wide range of agroclimatic and econ
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183
Page 198 and 199:
An experiment comparing broad beds
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the evapotranspiration for sorghum
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was no more than 50 percent of the
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Table 71. Grain yields and rupee va
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stands and growth. The average gros
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Vertisol watersheds). Thus, to make
Page 210:
References Cocheme, J., and P. Fran
Page 215 and 216:
SHOLAPUR DISTRICT MAHARASHTRA PENIN
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100 90 80 Small farms Medium farms
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150 Intercultivation with bullocks
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Credit and Risk Data from ICRISAT's
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nearly suit the requirements of bor
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150 140 130 C h i c k p e a s 120 1
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28000 2 6 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0
Page 229 and 230:
Interregional Trade and Welfare Spa
Page 232 and 233:
C o o p e r a t i v e P r o g r a m
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utilizing six widely separated loca
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familiar with the Institute's ongoi
Page 238 and 239:
Table 79. Persons completing long-t
Page 240 and 241:
Figure 99. ICRISAT's program for in
Page 242 and 243:
P l a n t Q u a r a n t i n e For t
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Table 81 continued Sorghum Millet C
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the University of Reading, U K , fo
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C o m p u t e r S e r v i c e s ICR
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L i b r a r y The Library was shift
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Figure 101. The ICRISAT Library and
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