RA 00015.pdf - OAR@ICRISAT

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Table 71. Grain yields and rupee values of several farming systems on deep Vertisok at ICRISAT Center, 1976-1977. Intercropping a Sequential cropping a Watershed No. Planting method Tech. used Slope Maize Gross value Maize Pigeonpea Chickpea Gross value (%) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (Rs/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (Rs/ha) A. Double-crop systems BVV1 Bed Impr 0.6 3360 720 4870 3 310 600 3840 BW2 Bed Impr 0.6 2910 900 4960 3090 450 3410 BW3A Bed Impr 0.4 3 590 670 4930 2970 760 3800 Mean 3290 760 4920 3120 600 3680 BW3B BVV4B Flat Flat Impr Impr 3030 2790 680 560 4470 3940 2350 2930 440 280 2750 3000 Mean 2910 620 4210 BW7A b Bed Impr 0.6 2460 590 3730 2270 660 3030 B. Sorghum/pigeonpea intercropping and sole sorghum + ratoon crop a 2640 360 2870 Pigeon- Gross Gross Sorghum pea value Sorghum Ratoon value (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (Rs/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (Rs/ha) BVV4A Flat Impr 2580 670 4130 2720 700 3080 B W 6 A Flat Trad 540 390 1920 410 - 660 C. Single-crop systems (postrainy season only) a Sorghum Chickpea Gross value (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (Rs/ha) B W 4 C N Flat Impr 500 490 1230 BW6BN Flat Impr 1480 - 1330 Mean 990 1280 BW4CS Flat Trad 600 - 660 BW6BS Flat Trad 1130 - 1240 Mean 870 950 a Varieties used: Improved -maize intercrop, SB-23; pigeonpea, ICP-1; sole maize, Deccan Hybrid 101; chickpea, local; sorghum CSH-6; Traditional -local. b The maize yields in BW7 A were only 74 percent of the average of the other deep Vertisol watersheds (BW1,2,3 A). Gross returns for the two cropping systems on BW7 A were about Rs 1190 and Rs 650/ha less than the average of BW1,2, and 3 A. This is due to the presence of some areas of medium deep soils and a poor growth area in the center caused by years of inadequate drainage. However, crop growth has substantially improved since 197S and it is expected that BW7 A will behave similarly within a few years. Nearby areas in STI showed poor growth in 1976 due to boron toxicity. This and other causes are being investigated. 191
Table 72. Grain yields and rupee values of several farming systems on medium deep Vertisols at ICRISAT Center, 1976-1977. Intercropping a Sequential cropping a Ws Planting Tech. No. method used Slope Maize Gross value Maize Pigeonpea Chickpea Gross value A. Double-crop systems B W 7 D Bed Impr BW7B Bed Impr BW7C Bed Impr Mean (%) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (Rs/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (Rs/ha) 1.0 2170 390 2940 2210 130 2270 0.6 2060 620 3470 2460 410 3250 0.6 2740 730 4350 2150 500 3220 2400 675 3910 2305 455 3235 BVV6C Flat Impr Contour 2470 410 3260 1850 390 2660 B W 6 D Flat Impr Contour 2040 690 3640 1760 310 2 370 Mean 2255 550 3450 1810 350 2520 B. Sorghum/pigeonpea intercropping and sole sorghum a Sorghum Pigeonpea Gross value (kg/ha) (kg/ha) (Rs/ha) BW8A Flat Trad BW8A Flat Trad 640 630 440 - 2210 1010 a Varieties used: Improved - Maize intercrop, SB-23; Pigeonpea, ICP-1; Sole maize, Deccan Hybrid; Chickpea, local; Sorghum, CSH-6. Traditional -local. were substantially less than on the deep Vertisols. This is believed to be due to greater moisture stress during the severe September drought and inadequate moisture for the postrainy season crops. Yields and benefits from bedded cultivation on both deep and medium deep Vertisols are likely to improve since the beds are left in place and soil structure in the broad beds is expected to improve due to reduced soil compaction. The sorghum yield from rainy season cropping on BW8 A (traditional technology) was 630 kg ha (Table 72 B). It is interesting to note that sorghum and the addition of the pigeonpea intercrop more than doubled the gross monetary value. This was true even in a season when the rainy season rains stopped one month earlier than normal, which caused some moisture stress for the late-maturing pigeonpea. Crop Production on Alfisols Grain yields and monetary values for the three cropping systems used on the Alfisols (RW1 and 2) are given in Table 73. RW1 E, which was contour bunded and flat planted along the contour, consistently produced the lowest yield of the three cropping systems. The reduced yields appeared to be due to erosion and sedimentation between the bunds, which caused reduced plant 192
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ICRISAT ANNUAL REPORT 1976-1977 I n
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About This Report This is the fourt
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F a r m i n g s y s t e m s 129,133
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Dr. Djibril Sene (Member) Delegatio
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N. Seetharama, Ph.D., plant physiol
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Acronyms and selected abbreviations
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Director's Introduction The year de
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A high point of the ICRISAT year wa
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Research has reached the stage wher
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Work continued on the ICRISAT water
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ing Board has established a standin
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made by the ICRISAT programs in Afr
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The efficiency of small plots in sc
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shows great potential for reduced s
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T H E C E R E A L S Sorghum (Sorghu
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S o r g h u m Germplasm Collection
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Table 1 continued Institution Locat
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ny are being evaluated jointly with
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Table 5. Grain-yield dsta on some e
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Table 7. The relationship between c
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Table 8. Yield data of selected gra
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3000 2 500 2000 A. M i l d Stress r
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Products Institute, London. The maj
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focused on learning how to manage o
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acetylene-induced ethylene producti
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P e a r l M i l l e t Germplasm We
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Figure 15. Cluster bagging and self
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Figure 18. Multiplication plot of a
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taken on potential parents, is bein
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Six hybrids in P M H T 1 yielded on
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the south (at Bhavanisagar) and wor
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Figure 22. Transverse section of th
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Relationship Among Plant Type, Popu
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materials in a sick-plot (i.e. a fi
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Ergot Less progress has been made w
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Using a 3:1 ratio to convert ethyle
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Pathology. The large-scale field sc
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search for new strains and related
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Available data on germplasm accessi
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Table 26 continued Institution Loca
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tivars in experimental plots. Ident
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niques will be tested for reliabili
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Figure 29. Screening for salt toler
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Nitrogen fixation by the nodules is
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fungus remained restricted to the u
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Whole-seed Protein vs. Dhal Protein
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The scope and limitations of taking
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accessions planted remained free of
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were carried out, particularly in I
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Table 37. Yield of chickpea followi
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30 20 10 0 40 30 20 10 0 8 6 4 2 0
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weight and leaf area of the seedlin
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In an experiment to determine the e
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0.75 0.65 0.55 r =+ 0.802** = - 0 .
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Table 42. Test and breeding materia
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G r o u n d n u t The groundnut imp
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Figure 45. Field hybridization tech
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Table 45. Performance of cultivars
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leaf extract. The titers obtained w
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to be either Hoagland or Shrive and
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kernels. We also plan to examine th
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F a r m i n g S y s t e m s 1) To a
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120 112 6 0 93 50 4 0 30 2 0 10 0 J
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30 25 20 15 10 60 50 40 30 a . 0 7
Page 154 and 155: Table 47. Climatic characteristics
Page 156 and 157: years, rainfall has a tendency to c
Page 158 and 159: cm bed at 0.6 % slope) and BW4 C (r
Page 160 and 161: Table 48. Effect of row spacing and
Page 162 and 163: and graded to no symptom on the you
Page 164 and 165: possible. Excess tillage tends to a
Page 166 and 167: A study is being initiated to analy
Page 168 and 169: The effects of three contour bunds
Page 170 and 171: Table 51. Effect of land management
Page 172 and 173: Table 52. Effects of plant populati
Page 174 and 175: Table 54. Land Equivalent Ratio and
Page 176 and 177: 163
Page 178 and 179: Table 57. Larval parasitism on Heli
Page 180 and 181: Table 58. Pod numbers produced per
Page 182 and 183: Plants artificially lodged appeared
Page 184 and 185: 3000 2000 1000 0 M F V,F,M V,F V V
Page 186 and 187: which ratooning of pigeonpea has be
Page 188 and 189: maize and sorghum as intercrops rec
Page 190 and 191: with the traditional blade harrow o
Page 192 and 193: farming system is examined on an op
Page 194 and 195: wide range of agroclimatic and econ
Page 196 and 197: 183
Page 198 and 199: An experiment comparing broad beds
Page 200 and 201: the evapotranspiration for sorghum
Page 202 and 203: was no more than 50 percent of the
Page 206 and 207: stands and growth. The average gros
Page 208 and 209: Vertisol watersheds). Thus, to make
Page 210: References Cocheme, J., and P. Fran
Page 215 and 216: SHOLAPUR DISTRICT MAHARASHTRA PENIN
Page 217 and 218: 100 90 80 Small farms Medium farms
Page 219 and 220: 150 Intercultivation with bullocks
Page 221 and 222: Credit and Risk Data from ICRISAT's
Page 223 and 224: nearly suit the requirements of bor
Page 225 and 226: 150 140 130 C h i c k p e a s 120 1
Page 227 and 228: 28000 2 6 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0
Page 229 and 230: Interregional Trade and Welfare Spa
Page 232 and 233: C o o p e r a t i v e P r o g r a m
Page 234 and 235: utilizing six widely separated loca
Page 236 and 237: familiar with the Institute's ongoi
Page 238 and 239: Table 79. Persons completing long-t
Page 240 and 241: Figure 99. ICRISAT's program for in
Page 242 and 243: P l a n t Q u a r a n t i n e For t
Page 244 and 245: Table 81 continued Sorghum Millet C
Page 246 and 247: the University of Reading, U K , fo
Page 248 and 249: C o m p u t e r S e r v i c e s ICR
Page 250 and 251: L i b r a r y The Library was shift
Page 252 and 253: Figure 101. The ICRISAT Library and
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