literacy for life; EFA global monitoring report, 2006 - Institut de ...

INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENTS: TIME TO ACT / 115
important donor, whose aid is increasingly
through budget support, making it difficult to
track by sector. World Bank lending is discussed
in more detail below.
The data on the World Bank (IDA) in
Table 4.5 are for concessional assistance only.
When non-concessional lending is added to IDA
commitments, the figures rise by a factor of three
or four, depending on the year (Figure 4.13). 20
Within an upward trend overall, total annual
lending has fluctuated somewhat; for example,
from a high of US$2.35 billion in 2003 (after a
sharp drop in 2000 to US$728 million), the figure
for 2004 fell back again to US$1.68 billion.
Similarly, the share of education in total lending,
which increased from 4.8% in 2000 to 12.7% in
2003, dropped back to 8.4% in 2004.
Fluctuation in lending is also apparent in
sub-sector allocations (Figure 4.14). Primary
education (and not the wider ‘basic education’ in
DAC data) fell below 40% in the years immediately
after Jomtien (1990), then rose to 50% of the total
in the mid-1990s, but has fallen back to its 1990
levels in recent years. On the other hand, lending
for general education increased from 5.8% of the
total in 1990 to nearly 40% in 2001. This suggests
increased lending for sector programmes that
include primary and other forms of basic
Table 4.5: Multilateral ODA: commitments of major donors, five-year annual
averages, 1999—2003
Donors 1 millions) millions) total ODA 2 millions) education 3
Total ODA Aid to education Aid to basic education
Amount
Amount Basic
(Constant (constant Education (constant education as
2002 US$ 2002 US$ as % of 2002 US$ % of aid to
IDA 4
EC
AsDF 4
AfDF 4
UNICEF
UNDP
IDB Special Fund 4
UNRWA
Nordic Development Fund 4
Caribbean Development Bank 4
Total 5
6 783.6 542.9 8.5 196.9 57.8
6 695.7 347.1 6.3 128.8 50.8
1 240.7 135.4 12.7 36.9 33.8
968.5 90.7 10.4 39.4 73.5
601.8 52.2 11 52.2 100
460.2 11 2.7 1.8 46.4
391.1 21 6.3 6 74.6
358.5 179.5 55.5 154.4 90.3
64.6 2.5 4.1 0 0
47.9 5.3 19.2 1 25
15 886.2 1 307.2 9.3 589.8 62.6
Notes: No data are available for the European Commission for 1999 or for the Caribbean Development Bank
for 2001 and 2002. Data for UNDP are for 1999 only. Due to missing data, the total line may not match the total
of figures for each donor.
1. There are no comparable data on aid to education for UNESCO. Between 1998 and 2003, annual average
expenditure on education and basic education was US$13.8 million and US$7.6 million respectively (based on
biannual budget documents). These figures do not include the staff costs and the budgets of UNESCO Institutes.
2. Education as percentage of total ODA less multi-sector and general programme assistance
(which are not shown in this table).
3. Basic education as percentage of total education less ‘education level unspecified’ (which is not shown in this table.)
4. Data for grants and concessional loans to developing countries. (IDA is part of the World Bank; AfDF is part
of the African Development Bank; AsDF is part of the Asian Development Bank; and the IDB Special Fund is in
the Inter-American Development Bank.)
5. This total is for donors included in this table. The data are based on commitments and are different from
the disbursements shown in Figure 4.1.
Sources: For IDA, AsDF, AfDF, IDB Special Fund and UNDP: CRS online database (OECD-DAC, 2005c, Table 2).
For other donors: DAC online database (OECD-DAC, 2005c, Table 5).
Figure 4.13: World Bank education lending, amount and as percentage of World Bank total lending per year, 1963—2004
3 500
14
Constant 2002 US$ millions
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
12
10
8
6
4
2
% of total lending (three-year moving average
0
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Notes: There is a break in the series in 1990 because a new coding system for sector analysis was introduced in Fiscal Year 2003 and backdated to 1990.
The DAC deflator for the United States has been used to produce constant price series.
Source: Computed from World Bank (2005a). Deflator: OECD statistical annex of the 2004 Development Co-operation Report, Table 36 (OECD-DAC, 2005b).
0
20. World Bank loans
are concessional (ODA)
and non-concessional
(Official Assistance).
The IDA handles the former;
the International Bank for
Reconstruction and
Development, the latter.