literacy for life; EFA global monitoring report, 2006 - Institut de ...

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38 / CHAPTER 2
2
Education for All Global Monitoring Report
1. Caution is required in
interpreting SLE. Like
gross enrolment ratios,
it is sensitive to the extent
of grade repetition. In at
least twenty countries,
repetition contributes
more than one year to
SLE – up to two years in
Algeria, Brazil, Gabon,
Rwanda and Togo
(UNESCO Institute for
Statistics, 2004).
Education: the global story,
1998—2002
A good synthetic measure of enrolment patterns
and hence of the evolution of the world education
system can be obtained by combining enrolment
ratios by age at the different levels of the
education system. The resulting indicator, school
life expectancy (SLE), represents the average
number of years of schooling that individuals
can expect to receive. 1
Table 2.1: School life expectancy by region in 2002 and change since 1998
World
Developing countries
Developed countries
Countries in transition
Sub-Saharan Africa
Arab States
Central Asia
East Asia and the Pacific
South and West Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
North America and Western Europe
Central and Eastern Europe
Source: Statistical annex, Table 4.
School life expectancy,
in years
Change
2002
1998–2002
Total Male Female Total Male Female
10.5 10.8 10.2 +0.7 +0.5 +0.8
9.9 10.3 9.4 +0.8 +0.6 +0.9
16.1 15.2 16.6 +0.4 -0.2 +0.5
12.6 12.4 12.8 +0.7 +0.6 +0.7
7.8 8.5 7.0 +1.1 +1.1 +1.0
10.2 10.7 9.6 +0.4 +0.2 +0.5
11.5 11.6 11.4 +0.7 +0.6 +0.7
11.2 11.3 11.0 +1.0 +0.9 +1.1
9.1 9.7 8.4 +0.6 +0.3 +1.0
13.1 12.8 13.3 +1.0 +0.7 +1.1
16.4 15.3 17.0 +0.2 -0.5 +0.4
12.8 12.8 12.8 +1.0 +0.9 +1.0
Table 2.1 displays regional averages of school
life expectancy from primary to tertiary education
in 2002 and changes since 1998. The world average
is 10.5 years – 9.4 years of primary and secondary
education and 1.1 years of post-secondary education.
A child in sub-Saharan Africa can expect to attend
school for an average of five to nine fewer years
than one in Western Europe or the Americas.
Children in South and West Asia and in the Arab
States also have much lower educational prospects.
Significant variations occur within regions; in
sub-Saharan Africa and the Arab States, there
is a more than fourfold difference between the
countries with the highest and lowest school life
expectancy (see statistical annex, Table 4).
Overall, the world’s children gained 0.7 years
of school life expectancy between 1998 and 2002.
Encouragingly, progress was greatest in sub-
Saharan Africa with 1.1 years, followed by Central
and Eastern Europe, East Asia and the Pacific,
and Latin America and the Caribbean with a year
each. North America and Western Europe, with
the highest SLE, experienced the lowest increase
(0.2 years).
Early childhood care
and education
Early childhood care and education (ECCE)
consists of a range of programmes, all aimed
at the physical, cognitive and social development
Figure 2.1: Gross and net enrolment ratios in pre-primary education, 2002
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
Sub-Saharan Africa
Arab States Central Asia East Asia and the Pacific South and
West Asia
0
Seychelles
Mauritius
Cape Verde
Equat. Guinea
Kenya
Ghana
South Africa
Madagascar
Nigeria
Eritrea
Congo
Sierra Leone
Côte d’Ivoire
Benin
Togo
Uganda
Senegal
Niger
Burkina Faso
Lebanon
Kuwait
U. A. Emirates
Morocco
Bahrain
Qatar
Jordan
Sudan
Palestinian A. T.
Tunisia
Egypt
Syrian A. R.
Saudi Arabia
Oman
Yemen
Mongolia
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Uzbekistan
Azerbaijan
Tajikistan
Kyrgyzstan
New Zealand
Japan
Macao, China
Malaysia
Thailand
Vanuatu
Australia
Marshall Is
Rep. of Korea
Papua N. Guinea
Viet Nam
Samoa
Philippines
China
Tonga
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Cambodia
Enrolment ratios (%)
Pakistan
Maldives
India
Iran, Isl. Rep.
Bangladesh
Nepal
NER
GER
Note: Only countries that have an NER below 95% and for which both the GER and the NER are available (with the exception of Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan) are displayed.
See source table for detailed country notes.
Source: Statistical annex, Table 3.