literacy for life; EFA global monitoring report, 2006 - Institut de ...

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408 / ANNEX
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Education for All Global Monitoring Report
Introduction to aid
data annex tables
Most of the data on aid used in
this Report are derived from the
OECD’s International Development
Statistics (IDS) database, which
records information provided
annually by all member countries of the OECD
Development Assistance Committee (DAC). IDS
comprises the DAC database (aggregate data)
and the Creditor Reporting System, which shows
project and activity level data. IDS is available
online at www.oecd.org/dac/stats/idsonline. It
is updated frequently. The data presented in this
Report were downloaded between January and
June 2005.
Only public funding to developing countries
is discussed here. Such funding is called Official
Development Assistance. This and other terms
used in describing aid data are explained below,
to help in understanding the following annex
tables and the data presented in Chapter 4.
Aid recipients and donors
Official Development Assistance (ODA) is public
funding to developing countries to promote
their economic and social development. It is
concessional: that is, it takes the form either of
a grant or of a loan carrying a lower interest rate
and, usually, a longer repayment period than
is available in the market. It may be provided
directly by a government (bilateral ODA) or
through an international agency (multilateral
ODA). ODA includes technical cooperation (see
below).
Developing countries are those in Part I of
the DAC List of Aid Recipients, which essentially
comprises all low and middle income countries
and some central and eastern European
countries in transition. Other countries in
transition and several more advanced developing
countries are in Part II of the list, and aid to them
is referred to as Official Aid (OA). The data
presented in this Report do not include OA unless
indicated.
Bilateral donors are countries that provide
development assistance directly to recipient
countries. The majority (Australia, Austria,
Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan,
Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
the United Kingdom and the United States) are
members of the DAC, a forum of major bilateral
donors established to promote the volume and
effectiveness of aid. Non DAC bilateral donors
include the Republic of Korea and Arab countries.
Bilateral donors also contribute to the work of
multilateral donors through contributions
recorded as multilateral ODA. The financial flows
from multilateral donors to recipient countries
are also recorded as ODA receipts.
Multilateral donors are international
institutions with government membership that
conduct all or a significant part of their activities
in favour of developing countries. They include
multilateral development banks (e.g. the World
Bank and Inter-American Development Bank),
United Nations agencies (e.g. UNDP and UNICEF)
and regional groupings (e.g. the European
Commission and Arab agencies).
Types of aid
Unallocated aid: some contributions are not
susceptible to allocation by sector and are
reported as non sector allocable aid. Examples
are aid for general development purposes,
balance-of-payments support, action relating
to debt (including debt relief), and emergency
assistance.
Basic education: the definition of basic
education varies by agency. The DAC defines it
as covering primary education, basic life skills for