literacy for life; EFA global monitoring report, 2006 - Institut de ...

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166 / CHAPTER 7
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Education for All Global Monitoring Report
Table 7.3: Global and regional trends in adult literacy rates, 1950 to 2000—2004
World
Developing countries
Developed and transition countries
Selected regions
Sub-Saharan Africa
Arab States
East Asia and the Pacific
South and West Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
Sources: Same as Table 7.1.
Figure 7.1: Adult literacy rates: global and regional trends in gender parity,
1970 to 2000—2004
Adult literacy GPI (F/M)
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.90
0.78
0.62
0.49
0.40
0.34
Sources: Same as Table 7.1.
1970 1980 1990 2000–2004
Adult literacy rates (%) Increase in literacy rates (%)
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000–2004 1970 to 1980 1980 to 1990 1990 to 2000–2004
55.7 60.7 63.4 69.7 75.4 81.9
… … 47.7 58.0 67.0 76.4
… … 94.5 96.4 98.6 99.0
… … 27.8 37.8 49.9 59.7
… 18.9 28.8 39.2 50.0 62.7
… … 57.5 70.3 81.8 91.4
… … 31.6 39.3 47.5 58.6
… … 73.7 80.0 85.0 89.7
0.98
0.92
0.88
0.76
0.69
0.66
Latin America/Caribbean
East Asia and the Pacific
World
Sub-Saharan Africa
Arab States
South and West Asia
9.9 8.2 8.5
21.6 15.6 14.0
2.0 1.8 0.5
36.0 32.1 19.6
36.1 27.7 25.3
22.3 16.4 11.7
24.4 20.8 23.5
8.5 6.3 5.5
Worldwide, gender disparities in literacy have
declined significantly since 1970, with the GPI
increasing from 0.78 to 0.88 (Figure 7.1). This
reduction occurred in all regions, notably in the
Arab States, South and West Asia, and sub-
Saharan Africa. The GPIs in these three regions
were below 0.50 in 1970 and are today all above
0.65. Adult literacy rates in Latin America and the
Caribbean (GPI = 0.98) and East Asia and the
Pacific (GPI = 0.92) are approaching gender parity.
Improvements in youth literacy
Recent progress towards mass literacy is especially
marked among people aged 15 to 24: expanded
access to formal schooling contributed to an
increase in the global youth literacy rate from 75%
to 88% between 1970 and 2000–2004 (Table 7.4).
In developing countries, the respective figures
were 66% and 85%. Almost all youth are now
literate in East Asia and the Pacific, and in Latin
America and the Caribbean. Nevertheless, more
than 132 million young people worldwide are still
unable to communicate in a written language.
Table 7.4: Youth literacy rates by country development status and region, 1970 to 2000—2004, with percent increases
in each decade
World
Developing countries
Developed and transition countries
Selected regions
Sub-Saharan Africa
Arab States
East Asia and the Pacific
South and West Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
Sources: Same as Table 7.1.
Youth literacy rates (%) Increase in literacy rates (%)
1970 1980 1990 2000–2004 1970 to 1980 1980 to 1990 1990 to 2000–2004
74.7 80.2 84.3 87.5
66.0 74.4 80.9 85.0
99.0 99.3 99.5 99.7
41.3 54.3 67.5 72.0
42.7 54.7 66.6 78.3
83.2 91.3 95.4 97.9
43.3 52.6 61.5 73.1
84.2 89.5 92.7 95.9
7.4 5.1 3.8
12.7 8.7 5.1
0.3 0.2 0.2
31.5 24.3 6.6
28.1 21.8 17.6
9.7 4.5 2.6
21.6 16.8 18.9
6.2 3.6 3.4