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The models capture this pattern with the variance of 48% by
the RegCM, 29% by the RSM, and 32% by the WRF. The
spatial patterns are quite consistent with the corresponding
modes from the R2. The spatial correlation coefficients with
the first modes from reanalysis data are 0.8, 0.94, and 0.91
by the RegCM, RSM , and WRF, respectively. The
corresponding temporal correlation coefficients are 0.89,
0.65, and 0.60 by theh RegCM, RSM, and WRF.
system. Part I: Model implementation and sensitivity. Mon.
Wea. Rev, 129, 569–585, 2001.
Dickinson, R., Henderson-Sellers, A. and Kennedy, P.,
Biosphere-atmosphere transfer scheme (bats) version 1e as
coupled to the ncar community climate model, Technical
report, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1993.
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winter monsoon experiment using a mesoscale twodimensional
model. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3077-3107, 1989.
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second-generation regional climate model (RegCM2). Part
Ⅱ : Convective processes and assimilation of lateral
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Grell, G., Prognostic evaluation of assumptions used by cumulus
parameterization, Mon. Wea. Rev, 121, 764-787, 1993.
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Figure 2. Same as in Fig. 1 except for precipitation.
Figure 2 compares the EOF patterns and PC time series of
the observed and simulated precipitation. The first
eigenvector of the observed summer precipitation explains
22% of total variance that is smaller than that for
temperature. The interannual variation of precipitation is
more complex and also more difficult to model than
temperature. The first modes of simulated precipitation by
three RCMs explain 21%, 16%, and 18%. The CMAP
precipitation is characterized by positive-negative pattern in
the north-south direction. The RegCM and RSM capture
these patterns, however, the negative area is biased
southward in the RegCM and band-shape is not reproduced
in the RSM compared to the CMAP. The spatial correlations
with the observed mode are 0.43, 0.29, 0.05 for the RegCM,
RSM, and WRF, respectively. The correlation of the PC
time series between the observed and simulated precipitation
for the first mode is about -0.1, 0.33, and 0.23 by the
RegCM, RSM, and WRF, respectively. In contrast to the PC
time series obtained from the surface temperature,
correlation coefficients between the CMAP and simulated
precipitation is low.
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