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Unit 2: Greetings and meetings 19 1111 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1111 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 4222 The word dáadáa “good” or “well” is also a shortened form of dáradára. As in: O˘mo≥dáradára or O˘mo≥dáadáa Íé o ti jõun? or Í’o ti jõun? A good child Have you eaten? The vowel é of ßé is deleted in rapid speech in the example above. More on the negative marker kò The negative marker kò usually occurs before the main verb or the helping verb. In rapid speech, the consonant k is usually deleted when the negative marker kò follows the pronoun mi, as in: *Mi kò fõœ Mi ò fõœ I don’t want (it) Absence of the third person singular pronoun ó The third person singular pronoun ó “he/she/it” is usually dropped before the negative marker kò, as in: Ó burú It is bad Kò burú (It) is not bad Ó lo≥ She/he went Kò lo≥ (She/he) did not go Ó jõun She/he ate Kò jõun (She/he) did not eat The use of mi or mo mo is the regular pronoun that translates to “I” in English. It is most commonly used in standard Yoruba in affirmative statements. For example: Mo n; lo≥síbi ißõœ. I am going to work. Mo fõœràn bàtà mi. I like my shoes. But in negative statements, mo changes to mi or N. For example: N kò lo≥/N ò lo≥/Mi ò lo≥ I did not go.
20 Unit 2: Ìkíni àti ìpàdé Subject pronouns Affirmative forms Negative forms mo I N/mi o you (sing.) o ó he/she/it – a we a õ you (pl.) õ wo≥n they wo≥n Verbs and tenses There are no verb endings to indicate past or present tense interpretation in Yoruba. As discussed in Unit 1, whether a verb is an action verb or not contributes to whether the verb will have a past tense interpretation or a neutral tense interpretation. The context can also help you to know whether the past or present tense interpretation is implied. There are separate words used to mark events that have been completed or that will take place in the future. For example: Mo ti wõΩ. I have taken a bath. (completed action) Mo wõΩlánàá. I took a bath yesterday. (past action) Mo máa wõΩloœ$la. I will take a bath tomorrow. (future action) The negative counterparts of the above sentences are: N kò ì tí ì wõΩ. I have not taken a bath. N kò wõΩlánàá. I did not take a bath yesterday. N kò ní í wõΩloœ$la. I will not take a bath tomorrow.
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Page 9 and 10: viii Contents 10 Wìwá ò. nà 135
Page 11 and 12: About this book Learners cite many
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Unit 6: Cooking 79 1111 2 3 4 5 6 7
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Unit 8: Talking about people 107 11
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Unit 9: Describing people and towns
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Unit 10: Finding one’s way 137 11
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Unit 11: Fixing a problem 151 1111
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Unit 12: Meeting someone at Lagos a
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Unit 14: What’s it like there? 18
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Grammar summary 211 1111 2 3 4 5 6
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Key to exercises 223 1111 2 3 4 5 6
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Translations of the comprehension p
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Yoruba-English glossary 263 1111 2
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English-Yoruba glossary 289 1111 2
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292 Index gbó≥(lit. “to hear
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294 Index verbs descriptive 9 past/
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