Abstract Book - 3rd International Symposium on Medicinal Plants ...

<strong>Abstract</strong>: A light wave is characterized by 4 characteristics: its amplitude, its frequency, its
phase and the direction of polarization of its luminous vector (the electric field). It is in this last
characteristic that we will be interested. The polarization of the light was introduced in order to
describe the vectorial behaviour of the light; it describes the way in which the electric field evolves
in a point of space. Our work consists in studying biofilms for applications in the pharmaceutical
field. When crossing these mediums, the light undergoes modifications and/or deteriorations of its
initial state of polarization. This phenomenon is related to the properties of the medium, we
illuminate our samples with a He-Ne (632.8 nm) laser. The idea is to compare the characteristics
of the entering and outgoing light from the studied mediums. The model selected is that of the
matrix of Mueller: it is a transfer matrix which contains all information about the modifications
induced by the interaction light-matter. From these matrixes, we defined some polarimétric
properties of these mediums. The Mueller polarimeter is one of the major types of polarimeters
used in measuring polarization properties; it can be viewed as a sample-measuring instrument. In
a light polarization model, a sample can be represented by a 4x4 Mueller matrix where all 16
elements are determined. The advantage of this model is that it is accessible in experiments by
measurements of intensity realizable with a photodetector. This last information makes it possible
to discriminate some physical properties of the studied mediums. The biofilms analyzed by our
technique, are made from animal gelatin/Corn starch, animal gelatin/sodium alginate, in the
presence of glycerol. The results found show that the presence of glycerol on gelatin/alginate,
reduces the transparency of the film. However, the presence of glycerol on gelatin/starch, makes
the film transparent. The transparency of biofilm, provides good visual control of cicatrizations
wounds.
Key words: Biofilms, gelatine, glycerol light polarization, mueller matrix, sodium alginate, starch.
3.57 Quality Control and Standardization of Essential Oils
ZRIRA Saadia
Département des Sciences Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles, IAV Hassan II, Rabat Instituts, BP
6202, Rabat, Maroc.
<strong>Abstract</strong>: Occurrence of essential oils or volatile oils is very widespread in the plant kingdom.
They are synthesized and accumulated in oil cells, secretion ducts or cavities, or in glandular hairs
of plants. Today, according to market data, essential oils are produced on a large scale and
commercialized from about 400 species, from 67 species. Essential oils are volatile odorous
substances contained in the plants. They are heterogeneous mixture of complexes components
whose contents can vary from state of trace to more than 90%. The production and consumption
of essential oils, because of their multipurpose applications, are increasing continuously: essential
oils are used in perfumery, food industry, households, condiments, beverages, as well as
pharmaceutical and aromatherapeutic products from plant origin. The quality of essential depends
on several factors such as the species and variety, the plant part, the environment, the harvesting
period, the state of the vegetable matter (fresh or dry), the leaves age, the extraction technique
and the storage conditions. The standardization of essential is very important to ensure user‟s
safety. Several standards and regulations are organizing the sector. <strong>International</strong> Organization for
Standardization (ISO), provides guidelines for packing, packaging, storage, labeling, sampling,
testing of essential oils, they. French Association for Standardization “Association Française de
Normalisation (AFNOR), provides guidelines and standards for the members of the European
Union to facilitate intra-Community trade.The standards AFNOR allow the characterization of
essential oils (physical, organoleptic, chemical and chromatographic characteristics) in order to
assess the quality of it. The control of essential oils quality is carried out by determination of
physicochemical characteristics and the Gas chromatographic analysis, which makes it possible
to know the chemical composition very exactly and to seek possible traces of undesirable products
such of the pesticides or added chemicals. A large quantity of raw material is required to extract
pure, natural essential oils. For the essential oils to be of true therapeutic value, they should be
pure, natural and of the highest quality. To ensure the quality of essential oils, several certifications
and labeling have been implemented. The most important are: organic certification and
certification implementation AOC lavender from France.
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