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Table 8.5 Deaths due to a number of conditions among men and women from age 20. Survey year 2008 I Total deaths Deaths from smoking Condition Men Women Men Women Lung cancer 6 386 3 531 5 823 (91.2%) 2 591 (73.4%) COPD 3 506 2 775 2 959 (84.4%) 1 902 (68.5%) Coronary heart 6 480 4 905 1 786 (27.6%) 601 (12.3%) disease II Stroke (CVA) 3 610 5 781 732 (20.3%) 525 (9.1%) Heart failure 2 503 4 206 449 (17.9%) 223 (5.3%) Oesophageal cancer 1 131 427 898 (79.4%) 267 (65.5%) Laryngeal cancer 154 42 124 (80.5%) 35 (83.3%) Oral cavity cancer 375 178 346 (92.3%) 96 (53.9%) Total I 24 145 21 715 13 117 (54.3%) 6 240 (28.7%) I. Per condition, first rounded to whole numbers and then added up. Source: RIVM Thanks to the fall-off in smoking among men between 1960 and 1990, male deaths from lung cancer have dropped since the mid 1980s. Among women, however, who have taken up smoking in greater numbers, the trend is reversed (Table 8.6). • The upward trend in lung cancer deaths among women will continue for some decades (Bonneux et al., 2003). • The decline among men until 2003 did not continue in subsequent years. From 2007, a slight rise is evident. • The opposite trends for men and women balance each other out. Consequently, total deaths from lung cancer have remained fairly stable for some years, although there has been evidence of a slight rise again in recent years. • Figure 8.5 shows a stabilising trend in the number of deaths from COPD and other smoking-related conditions. • There is a downward trend in the death rate from smoking-related coronary heart disease and stroke. 8 Tobacco 189
Table 8.6 Deaths from lung cancer as a primary cause of death among people aged over 15, from 1985. Number of deaths per 100 000 inhabitants Year Males Females Total 1985 127 16 71 1986 130 17 72 1987 127 17 71 1988 128 19 72 1989 123 20 70 1990 117 20 67 1991 118 20 68 1992 117 22 69 1993 115 24 69 1994 113 26 68 1995 112 27 69 1996 109 28 68 1997 108 29 68 1998 106 30 68 1999 105 33 68 2000 99 34 66 2001 100 35 67 2002 96 39 68 2003 95 40 67 2004 99 42 70 2005 97 45 71 2006 95 47 71 2007 97 50 73 2008 97 51 74 Number of deaths per 100 000 inhabitants. From 1985-1996: ICD-9 code 162, from 1996: ICD-10 codes C33-34 (see Appendix C).Source: Cause of Death Statistics,CBS. 190 Netherlands National Drug Monitor - NDM Annual Report 2009
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Netherlands National Drug Monitor N
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Colophon Project Manager Dr. M.W. v
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Preface This is already the tenth A
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5.4 Problem Use 113 5.5 Usage: Inte
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List of abreviations and acronyms 2
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NEMESIS NFU NIGZ NMG NPO NRI NVIC N
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Summary Below is an outline of the
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The number of hospital admissions c
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GHB. In 2008/2009 4.6 percent of fr
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Deaths In the Netherlands, smoking
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Offences by drug users Drug users c
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Opiates Ecstasy Amphetamine Alcohol
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1 Introduction The National Drug Mo
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use, particularly cannabis, under-r
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information is available, this is b
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2 Cannabis Cannabis (Cannabis Sativ
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Figure 2.1 Cannabis users in the Ne
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Figure 2.2 Cannabis use among secon
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Cannabis and problem behaviour •
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Table 2.4 Cannabis use among pupils
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Table 2.5 Current cannabis use in s
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• The sharp increase in treatment
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Trends It is difficult to determine
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• The role of cannabis in all req
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- misuse or dependence on alcohol a
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At the Ambulance Transport Centre (
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• So far, epidemiological studies
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Quality and price The Trimbos Insti
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3 Cocaine Cocaine works as a stimul
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Age, gender and urbanisation level
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Special groups In certain groups of
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Table 3.3 Cocaine use in special gr
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and 7.7% in the U.K (England and Wa
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Table 3.5 Cocaine use among school-
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Figure 3.2 Number of (outpatient) a
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Figure 3.4 Admissions to general ho
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The Netherlands Cause-of-Death stat
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• Little is known as yet about a
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4.2 Usage: general population Heroi
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• In the province of Gelderland,
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Figure 4.1 Estimates of the number
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and syringes exchanged has been reg
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• Between 2001 and 2004 the numbe
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- misuse of or dependence on alcoho
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same time it should be noted that t
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International comparison The Europe
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The total number of chronic hepatit
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• It is thought that risk behavio
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the ICD-9 classification. Drug deat
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Amsterdam GGD Amsterdam reports the
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Figure 4.9 Number of drug-induced d
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• Pupils attending REC-4 schools
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5.3 Usage: juveniles and young adul
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• In 2008, key observers in Amste
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Table 5.3 Use of Ecstasy and amphet
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Table 5.4a Use of amphetamines and
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Table 5.5a Ecstasy use among school
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Ecstasy • The number of (outpatie
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Figure 5.3 Numbers registered with
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• The same person may be admitted
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• The number of requests for info
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According to the EMCDDA, in other E
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Figure 5.6 Concentration of MDMA in
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Table 5.9 Number of samples contain
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• Consumers who had drug samples
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6.2 Usage: general population The r
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GHB use is more common among juveni
Page 139 and 140: • GHB use among school-goers is l
Page 141 and 142: Table 6.4 GHB incidents registered
Page 143 and 144: • Of the liquid samples sold as G
Page 145 and 146: • Total deaths from alcohol-relat
Page 147 and 148: Figure 7.1 Alcohol consumption amon
Page 149 and 150: Ethnic background • Among seconda
Page 151 and 152: Table 7.3 Percentage of current dri
Page 153 and 154: Table 7.4 Alcohol use in the social
Page 155 and 156: Holiday-makers • Research conduct
Page 157 and 158: Figure 7.3 Heavy drinkers by gender
Page 159 and 160: The countries with the lowest perce
Page 161 and 162: • In France it is more likely tha
Page 163 and 164: Figure 7.6 Age distribution of prim
Page 165 and 166: • In 2008, 337 day-care admission
Page 167 and 168: • In approximately 1,200 admissio
Page 169 and 170: Table 7.9 Estimated number of injur
Page 171 and 172: • On the basis of current researc
Page 173 and 174: Figure 7.10 Deaths from alcohol use
Page 175 and 176: • EU member states have different
Page 177 and 178: • Surveys by the Continuous Surve
Page 179 and 180: Figure 8.1 Percentage of smokers in
Page 181 and 182: 8.3 Usage: juveniles and young adul
Page 183 and 184: Special education Table 8.3 shows t
Page 185 and 186: Table 8.4 Smokers in the EU-15 plus
Page 187 and 188: medication, Champix ® , which was
Page 189: among passive smoking men, the elev
Page 193 and 194: Since 1 January 2003 it is no longe
Page 195 and 196: Table 8.8 Cigarette prices and taxe
Page 197 and 198: eported. These refer to 2007 in the
Page 199 and 200: Table 9.1 Criminal investigations i
Page 201 and 202: Table 9.2 Number of dismantled prod
Page 203 and 204: Table 9.3 Characteristics of suspec
Page 205 and 206: Figure 9.2 Number of Opium Act case
Page 207 and 208: Table 9.5 Opium Act cases as a perc
Page 209 and 210: Disposals by the courts (in the fir
Page 211 and 212: • Financial orders (Public Prosec
Page 213 and 214: Table 9.9 Prevalence of new crimina
Page 215 and 216: 10.2 Drug use among offenders Drug-
Page 217 and 218: • In some two-thirds of cases opi
Page 219 and 220: I, II Table 10.2 Number of times th
Page 221 and 222: • The ISD has a capacity of 1,000
Page 223 and 224: • Although there are some female
Page 225 and 226: Clinical admission Admission to a h
Page 227 and 228: Mellow Type of music at raves that
Page 229 and 230: Secondary diagnosis A secondary or
Page 231 and 232: Dismissal on policy grounds Decisio
Page 233 and 234: eintegration and rehabilitation of
Page 235 and 236: I. Use and problem use Source Targe
Page 237 and 238: II. Treatment demand and treatment
Page 239 and 240: IV. Market information Source Targe
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Source Target group/subject Sources
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Appendix C Explanation of ICD-9 and
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Appendix D Websites in the area of
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Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sp
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Appendix E Drug use in a number of
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References Adlaf, E.M., Korf, D.J.,
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Coumans, A.M. (2005). Survival on t
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Ganpat, S., Wits, E., Schoenmakers,
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Knibbe, R.A., Joosten, J., Derickx,
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Monshouwer, K., Smit, F., De Graaf,
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Rigter, H., Van Laar, M. (2002). Ep
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Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal (2
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Van Leeuwen, F.E. (1999). Epidemiol
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In the Netherlands various monitori
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