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• By comparison with 2007, the percentage of cases involving both hard and soft drugs declined in 2008. • In 2007 there were 274 cases in which participation in a criminal organisation was listed in addition to a drugs offence. This compares with 219 in 2008, which is also fewer than in 2006 (not in table). Dismantling of drug production locations According to the KLPD some 5,200 hemp plantations were dismantled in 2007 and in 2008 over 4,700 (KLPD, 2009). In 2005 and 2006 about 6,000 hemp plantations were dismantled. The KLPD number of 6,000 has been validated by research (Wouters et al., 2007). It can therefore be assumed that there was a decline in the number dismantled in 2007 and 2008. Reports are compiled annually by the Expertise Centre on Synthetic Drugs on dismantling operations involving production locations of synthetic drugs and dumping of chemical waste from synthetic drug production (Expertise Centre on Synthetic Drugs and Precursors, 2008). • In 2007, a total of 15 production locations were dismantled and in 2008 21 (table 9.2). This represents a decline since 2006 and particularly compared to 2000-2004. However, according to the KLPD, the locations uncovered in recent years are larger in scale than was previously the case. • Most of the laboratories found in 2007 and 2008 were located in the west and south of the Netherlands. • There are increasing reports of ecstasy production in other parts of the world besides Europe. The most frequently cited location is Canada, followed by Australia (Boerman, Grapendaal & Mooij, 2008). • IN 2007 50 instances of dumping of chemical waste from the production of illegal drugs were registered; in 2008 there were 36 cases (table 9.2). These numbers are lower than during the 2000-2004 period. Likewise the number in 2008 represents a decline on 2007. Equally, most of the dumps were found in the south and west of the country. • In 2007 the Netherlands topped the list of countries where MDMA tablets were seized. In 2008, the Netherlands was in second place – behind Germany. • There is a declining trend in the number of cases (also) involving precursors for the production of synthetic drugs. These cases relate to the Abuse of Chemical Substances Prevention Act (WVMC). In 2007 and 2008 respectively, 14 and four cases were disposed of by the Public Prosecutor. This number is distinctly lower than in 2006, when there were 25 such cases; it is also low compared to the years 2000 to 2005 (source: OMDATA, WODC; not in table). • In 2007 there were seven cases and in 2008 six cases involving precursors only. These numbers differ little if at all from 2006 (source: OMDATA, WODC; not in table). 9 Drug-related crime 199
Table 9.2 Number of dismantled production locations and registered cases of dumped chemical waste from the production of synthetic drugs 2000-2008 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Production locations 37 35 43 37 29 18 23 15 21 Chemical waste dumps 101 127 105 95 81 51 42 50 36 Source: KLPD-DNR, Unit Netherlands South, 2009. Drug Crime Suspects Data are available through 2007 (figure 9.1). The general picture in recent years is fairly stable. • The number of people suspected of an offence against the Opium Act that were booked by the regular police or Royal Military Police has declined (very) slightly. In 2007 there were over 21,000. • The number rose until 2004 and stabilised since then at a relatively high level, with a recent slight decline. • The proportion of drug offence suspects as a percentage of all suspects amounts to seven percent. This percentage has remained fairly stable in recent years (Van Ooyen et al., 2009). • Half of all suspects were arrested for a hard drugs offence. • 37% were arrested for a soft drugs offence. • There is a steady increase in the number of those charged with both hard and soft drugs offences. Although these offences account for only 13% of total drug crime, this percentage has been rising in recent years. 200 Netherlands National Drug Monitor - NDM Annual Report 2009
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Netherlands National Drug Monitor N
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Colophon Project Manager Dr. M.W. v
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Preface This is already the tenth A
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5.4 Problem Use 113 5.5 Usage: Inte
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List of abreviations and acronyms 2
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NEMESIS NFU NIGZ NMG NPO NRI NVIC N
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Summary Below is an outline of the
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The number of hospital admissions c
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GHB. In 2008/2009 4.6 percent of fr
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Deaths In the Netherlands, smoking
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Offences by drug users Drug users c
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Opiates Ecstasy Amphetamine Alcohol
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1 Introduction The National Drug Mo
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use, particularly cannabis, under-r
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information is available, this is b
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2 Cannabis Cannabis (Cannabis Sativ
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Figure 2.1 Cannabis users in the Ne
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Figure 2.2 Cannabis use among secon
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Cannabis and problem behaviour •
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Table 2.4 Cannabis use among pupils
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Table 2.5 Current cannabis use in s
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• The sharp increase in treatment
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Trends It is difficult to determine
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• The role of cannabis in all req
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- misuse or dependence on alcohol a
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At the Ambulance Transport Centre (
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• So far, epidemiological studies
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Quality and price The Trimbos Insti
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3 Cocaine Cocaine works as a stimul
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Age, gender and urbanisation level
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Special groups In certain groups of
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Table 3.3 Cocaine use in special gr
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and 7.7% in the U.K (England and Wa
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Table 3.5 Cocaine use among school-
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Figure 3.2 Number of (outpatient) a
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Figure 3.4 Admissions to general ho
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The Netherlands Cause-of-Death stat
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• Little is known as yet about a
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4.2 Usage: general population Heroi
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• In the province of Gelderland,
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Figure 4.1 Estimates of the number
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and syringes exchanged has been reg
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• Between 2001 and 2004 the numbe
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- misuse of or dependence on alcoho
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same time it should be noted that t
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International comparison The Europe
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The total number of chronic hepatit
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• It is thought that risk behavio
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the ICD-9 classification. Drug deat
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Amsterdam GGD Amsterdam reports the
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Figure 4.9 Number of drug-induced d
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• Pupils attending REC-4 schools
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5.3 Usage: juveniles and young adul
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• In 2008, key observers in Amste
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Table 5.3 Use of Ecstasy and amphet
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Table 5.4a Use of amphetamines and
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Table 5.5a Ecstasy use among school
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Ecstasy • The number of (outpatie
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Figure 5.3 Numbers registered with
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• The same person may be admitted
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• The number of requests for info
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According to the EMCDDA, in other E
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Figure 5.6 Concentration of MDMA in
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Table 5.9 Number of samples contain
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• Consumers who had drug samples
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6.2 Usage: general population The r
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GHB use is more common among juveni
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• GHB use among school-goers is l
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Table 6.4 GHB incidents registered
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• Of the liquid samples sold as G
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• Total deaths from alcohol-relat
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Figure 7.1 Alcohol consumption amon
Page 149 and 150: Ethnic background • Among seconda
Page 151 and 152: Table 7.3 Percentage of current dri
Page 153 and 154: Table 7.4 Alcohol use in the social
Page 155 and 156: Holiday-makers • Research conduct
Page 157 and 158: Figure 7.3 Heavy drinkers by gender
Page 159 and 160: The countries with the lowest perce
Page 161 and 162: • In France it is more likely tha
Page 163 and 164: Figure 7.6 Age distribution of prim
Page 165 and 166: • In 2008, 337 day-care admission
Page 167 and 168: • In approximately 1,200 admissio
Page 169 and 170: Table 7.9 Estimated number of injur
Page 171 and 172: • On the basis of current researc
Page 173 and 174: Figure 7.10 Deaths from alcohol use
Page 175 and 176: • EU member states have different
Page 177 and 178: • Surveys by the Continuous Surve
Page 179 and 180: Figure 8.1 Percentage of smokers in
Page 181 and 182: 8.3 Usage: juveniles and young adul
Page 183 and 184: Special education Table 8.3 shows t
Page 185 and 186: Table 8.4 Smokers in the EU-15 plus
Page 187 and 188: medication, Champix ® , which was
Page 189 and 190: among passive smoking men, the elev
Page 191 and 192: Table 8.6 Deaths from lung cancer a
Page 193 and 194: Since 1 January 2003 it is no longe
Page 195 and 196: Table 8.8 Cigarette prices and taxe
Page 197 and 198: eported. These refer to 2007 in the
Page 199: Table 9.1 Criminal investigations i
Page 203 and 204: Table 9.3 Characteristics of suspec
Page 205 and 206: Figure 9.2 Number of Opium Act case
Page 207 and 208: Table 9.5 Opium Act cases as a perc
Page 209 and 210: Disposals by the courts (in the fir
Page 211 and 212: • Financial orders (Public Prosec
Page 213 and 214: Table 9.9 Prevalence of new crimina
Page 215 and 216: 10.2 Drug use among offenders Drug-
Page 217 and 218: • In some two-thirds of cases opi
Page 219 and 220: I, II Table 10.2 Number of times th
Page 221 and 222: • The ISD has a capacity of 1,000
Page 223 and 224: • Although there are some female
Page 225 and 226: Clinical admission Admission to a h
Page 227 and 228: Mellow Type of music at raves that
Page 229 and 230: Secondary diagnosis A secondary or
Page 231 and 232: Dismissal on policy grounds Decisio
Page 233 and 234: eintegration and rehabilitation of
Page 235 and 236: I. Use and problem use Source Targe
Page 237 and 238: II. Treatment demand and treatment
Page 239 and 240: IV. Market information Source Targe
Page 241 and 242: Source Target group/subject Sources
Page 244 and 245: Appendix C Explanation of ICD-9 and
Page 246 and 247: Appendix D Websites in the area of
Page 248 and 249: Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sp
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Appendix E Drug use in a number of
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References Adlaf, E.M., Korf, D.J.,
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Coumans, A.M. (2005). Survival on t
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Ganpat, S., Wits, E., Schoenmakers,
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Knibbe, R.A., Joosten, J., Derickx,
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Monshouwer, K., Smit, F., De Graaf,
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Rigter, H., Van Laar, M. (2002). Ep
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Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal (2
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Van Leeuwen, F.E. (1999). Epidemiol
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In the Netherlands various monitori
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