Netherlands National Drug Monitor - Research and Documentation ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Figure 10.2 Number of ISD participants, January 2005 - December 2008 I 800 Number 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 Jan-05 Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan-06 Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan-07 Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan-08 Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec I. Placement has a maximum duration of two years. There is a continuous turnover of participants. Source: Source: National Agency of Correctional Institutions (DJI), 2009. Figure 10.3 Number of ISD participants in various programmes, January 2007 – December 2008 500 Number 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 Jan-07 Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan-08 Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec basic programme intramural treatment extramural Source: National Agency of Correctional Institutions (DJI), 2009. 10 Drug users in the criminal justice system 221
• Although there are some female ISD participants, the majority are male (Biesma et al., 2006; Goderie & Lünnemann, 2008; Goderie, 2009). The average age in 2008 was 39-40, within an age range of 21 to 62 years. • All ISD participants have a drugs problem; 90% have a hard drugs problem. Some also have serious mental health issues and/or limited intellectual capabilities (Goderie & Lünnemann, 2008; Goderie, 2009; Ganpat, Wits, Schoenmakers & Greeven, 2009). However, some participants do not have a current mental disorder, and some have less acute problems with substance abuse (Ganpat, Wits, Schoenmakers en Greeven, 2009) • Nearly three quarters of the offences involve theft or burglary (Goderie en Lünnemann, 2008; Ganpat, Wits, Schoenmakers en Greeven, 2009). • In many cases there is an interplay of drug use, mental health problems, criminality and social problems. Problems surrounding ISD participants are therefore stubborn and they clearly form a vulnerable group (Ganpat, Wits, Schoenmakers en Greeven, 2009). • The incapacitation effect of the ISD measure could be considerable; however only rough estimates are available in this respect (Goderie en Lünnemann, 2008; Van Ooyen, 2009; Van Velthoven en Moolenaar, 2009).
Page 1 and 2:
Netherlands National Drug Monitor N
Page 3 and 4:
Colophon Project Manager Dr. M.W. v
Page 6:
Preface This is already the tenth A
Page 9 and 10:
5.4 Problem Use 113 5.5 Usage: Inte
Page 12 and 13:
List of abreviations and acronyms 2
Page 14 and 15:
NEMESIS NFU NIGZ NMG NPO NRI NVIC N
Page 16 and 17:
Summary Below is an outline of the
Page 18 and 19:
The number of hospital admissions c
Page 20 and 21:
GHB. In 2008/2009 4.6 percent of fr
Page 22 and 23:
Deaths In the Netherlands, smoking
Page 24 and 25:
Offences by drug users Drug users c
Page 26 and 27:
Opiates Ecstasy Amphetamine Alcohol
Page 28 and 29:
1 Introduction The National Drug Mo
Page 30 and 31:
use, particularly cannabis, under-r
Page 32 and 33:
information is available, this is b
Page 34 and 35:
2 Cannabis Cannabis (Cannabis Sativ
Page 36 and 37:
Figure 2.1 Cannabis users in the Ne
Page 38 and 39:
Figure 2.2 Cannabis use among secon
Page 40 and 41:
Cannabis and problem behaviour •
Page 42 and 43:
Table 2.4 Cannabis use among pupils
Page 44 and 45:
Table 2.5 Current cannabis use in s
Page 46 and 47:
• The sharp increase in treatment
Page 48 and 49:
Trends It is difficult to determine
Page 50 and 51:
• The role of cannabis in all req
Page 52 and 53:
- misuse or dependence on alcohol a
Page 54 and 55:
At the Ambulance Transport Centre (
Page 56 and 57:
• So far, epidemiological studies
Page 58 and 59:
Quality and price The Trimbos Insti
Page 60 and 61:
3 Cocaine Cocaine works as a stimul
Page 62 and 63:
Age, gender and urbanisation level
Page 64 and 65:
Special groups In certain groups of
Page 66 and 67:
Table 3.3 Cocaine use in special gr
Page 68 and 69:
and 7.7% in the U.K (England and Wa
Page 70 and 71:
Table 3.5 Cocaine use among school-
Page 72 and 73:
Figure 3.2 Number of (outpatient) a
Page 74 and 75:
Figure 3.4 Admissions to general ho
Page 76 and 77:
The Netherlands Cause-of-Death stat
Page 78:
• Little is known as yet about a
Page 81 and 82:
4.2 Usage: general population Heroi
Page 83 and 84:
• In the province of Gelderland,
Page 85 and 86:
Figure 4.1 Estimates of the number
Page 87 and 88:
and syringes exchanged has been reg
Page 89 and 90:
• Between 2001 and 2004 the numbe
Page 91 and 92:
- misuse of or dependence on alcoho
Page 93 and 94:
same time it should be noted that t
Page 95 and 96:
International comparison The Europe
Page 97 and 98:
The total number of chronic hepatit
Page 99 and 100:
• It is thought that risk behavio
Page 101 and 102:
the ICD-9 classification. Drug deat
Page 103 and 104:
Amsterdam GGD Amsterdam reports the
Page 105 and 106:
Figure 4.9 Number of drug-induced d
Page 107 and 108:
• Pupils attending REC-4 schools
Page 109 and 110:
5.3 Usage: juveniles and young adul
Page 111 and 112:
• In 2008, key observers in Amste
Page 113 and 114:
Table 5.3 Use of Ecstasy and amphet
Page 115 and 116:
Table 5.4a Use of amphetamines and
Page 117 and 118:
Table 5.5a Ecstasy use among school
Page 119 and 120:
Ecstasy • The number of (outpatie
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 5.3 Numbers registered with
Page 123 and 124:
• The same person may be admitted
Page 125 and 126:
• The number of requests for info
Page 127 and 128:
According to the EMCDDA, in other E
Page 129 and 130:
Figure 5.6 Concentration of MDMA in
Page 131 and 132:
Table 5.9 Number of samples contain
Page 133 and 134:
• Consumers who had drug samples
Page 135 and 136:
6.2 Usage: general population The r
Page 137 and 138:
GHB use is more common among juveni
Page 139 and 140:
• GHB use among school-goers is l
Page 141 and 142:
Table 6.4 GHB incidents registered
Page 143 and 144:
• Of the liquid samples sold as G
Page 145 and 146:
• Total deaths from alcohol-relat
Page 147 and 148:
Figure 7.1 Alcohol consumption amon
Page 149 and 150:
Ethnic background • Among seconda
Page 151 and 152:
Table 7.3 Percentage of current dri
Page 153 and 154:
Table 7.4 Alcohol use in the social
Page 155 and 156:
Holiday-makers • Research conduct
Page 157 and 158:
Figure 7.3 Heavy drinkers by gender
Page 159 and 160:
The countries with the lowest perce
Page 161 and 162:
• In France it is more likely tha
Page 163 and 164:
Figure 7.6 Age distribution of prim
Page 165 and 166:
• In 2008, 337 day-care admission
Page 167 and 168:
• In approximately 1,200 admissio
Page 169 and 170:
Table 7.9 Estimated number of injur
Page 171 and 172: • On the basis of current researc
Page 173 and 174: Figure 7.10 Deaths from alcohol use
Page 175 and 176: • EU member states have different
Page 177 and 178: • Surveys by the Continuous Surve
Page 179 and 180: Figure 8.1 Percentage of smokers in
Page 181 and 182: 8.3 Usage: juveniles and young adul
Page 183 and 184: Special education Table 8.3 shows t
Page 185 and 186: Table 8.4 Smokers in the EU-15 plus
Page 187 and 188: medication, Champix ® , which was
Page 189 and 190: among passive smoking men, the elev
Page 191 and 192: Table 8.6 Deaths from lung cancer a
Page 193 and 194: Since 1 January 2003 it is no longe
Page 195 and 196: Table 8.8 Cigarette prices and taxe
Page 197 and 198: eported. These refer to 2007 in the
Page 199 and 200: Table 9.1 Criminal investigations i
Page 201 and 202: Table 9.2 Number of dismantled prod
Page 203 and 204: Table 9.3 Characteristics of suspec
Page 205 and 206: Figure 9.2 Number of Opium Act case
Page 207 and 208: Table 9.5 Opium Act cases as a perc
Page 209 and 210: Disposals by the courts (in the fir
Page 211 and 212: • Financial orders (Public Prosec
Page 213 and 214: Table 9.9 Prevalence of new crimina
Page 215 and 216: 10.2 Drug use among offenders Drug-
Page 217 and 218: • In some two-thirds of cases opi
Page 219 and 220: I, II Table 10.2 Number of times th
Page 221: • The ISD has a capacity of 1,000
Page 225 and 226: Clinical admission Admission to a h
Page 227 and 228: Mellow Type of music at raves that
Page 229 and 230: Secondary diagnosis A secondary or
Page 231 and 232: Dismissal on policy grounds Decisio
Page 233 and 234: eintegration and rehabilitation of
Page 235 and 236: I. Use and problem use Source Targe
Page 237 and 238: II. Treatment demand and treatment
Page 239 and 240: IV. Market information Source Targe
Page 241 and 242: Source Target group/subject Sources
Page 244 and 245: Appendix C Explanation of ICD-9 and
Page 246 and 247: Appendix D Websites in the area of
Page 248 and 249: Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sp
Page 250: Appendix E Drug use in a number of
Page 254 and 255: References Adlaf, E.M., Korf, D.J.,
Page 256 and 257: Coumans, A.M. (2005). Survival on t
Page 258 and 259: Ganpat, S., Wits, E., Schoenmakers,
Page 260 and 261: Knibbe, R.A., Joosten, J., Derickx,
Page 262 and 263: Monshouwer, K., Smit, F., De Graaf,
Page 264 and 265: Rigter, H., Van Laar, M. (2002). Ep
Page 266 and 267: Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal (2
Page 268 and 269: Van Leeuwen, F.E. (1999). Epidemiol
Page 270: In the Netherlands various monitori
show all

Netherlands National Drug Monitor - Research and Documentation ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?