Netherlands National Drug Monitor - Research and Documentation ...

Figure 4.1 Estimates of the number of problem users of hard drugs per 1 000 inhabitants aged from
15 to 64
14
Number per 1,000 inhabitants
15-64 years
12
12.4
10
10.1
8
6
4
5.3
6.3
5.5
3.7
4.2
4.7 4.5
2
1.6
Nationwide
(2008)
Rotterdam
(2003)
The Hague Amsterdam Leeuwarden
(2000-2002) (2008) (2001)
Enschede
(2007)
Hengelo
(2005)
Almelo
(2006)
Apeldoorn
(2005)
Parkstad
Limburg
(2002)
Average of highest and lowest estimates (where applicable). Owing to differences in definitions and
methods, the differences between the various cities should be interpreted with caution. Sources: Trimbosinstitute,
GGD Amsterdam, Intraval, IVO, GGD Den Haag, GGD Zuid-Limburg.
Figure 4.2 shows the development of a number of problem opiate users in Amsterdam
according to estimates by the GGD Amsterdam.
• The number in this group peaked in 1988 at 8,800 problem users and subsequently
declined. The decline was largely due to reduction in the number of foreigners, especially
Germans and Italians. In recent years, however, a decline has been observed
in all groups.
• In 2008 Amsterdam still had an estimated 2,900 problem users of opiates. Of these,
50% were born in the Netherlands, 26% in Surinam, the Netherlands Antilles,
Morocco or Turkey and 25% were born elsewhere.
84 Netherlands National Drug Monitor - NDM Annual Report 2009