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Figure 9.1 Number of drug crime suspects registered by police and Royal Military Police, by hard and soft drugs, 2002-2007 I 25000 Number 22500 20000 17500 15000 12500 10000 7500 5000 2500 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Opium Act - Total - Hard drugs - Soft dugs - Hard & softdrugs - Other/unknown 15807 18909 22293 21920 22029 21477 9354 10871 12051 11098 10994 10709 4594 5915 7437 8280 7973 7870 1222 1390 2106 2162 2713 2804 637 733 699 380 349 94 I. Unit of calculation is the number of times that a suspect is booked for an Opium Act offence is registered in the HKS. II. Data for 2006 are provisional . Source: HKS, KLPD/DNRI. • The majority of Opium Act suspects in 2007 were male (table 9.3). 9 Drug-related crime 201
Table 9.3 Characteristics of suspects of Opium Act violations by hard and soft drugs, 2007 I Hard drugs Soft drugs Both Total Total number 9 960 7 509 2 736 20 276 Gender Male 87% 83% 84% 85% Female 13% 17% 16% 15% Number of previous 1 39% 43% 36% 40% offences II Age at registration of last crime 2 11% 14% 13% 12% 3-4 12% 14% 15% 13% 5-10 17% 16% 20% 17% 11-20 10% 8% 11% 9% 21-50 8% 4% 5% 6% > 51 3% 1% 1% 2% 12-17 yrs 3% 4% 3% 4% 18-24 yrs 30% 20% 21% 25% 25-34 yrs 32% 31% 32% 32% 35-44 yrs 22% 25% 26% 24% 45-54 yrs 10% 14% 11% 12% 55-64 yrs 2% 4% 5% 3% ≥ 65 yrs 0% 1% 1% 1% I. The Table shows suspects of single crimes; each accused is represented only once in the table, even if a suspect is booked for Opium Act offences more than once in year. The figures are provisional. II in 404 cases the type of drug is unknown. This category has not been included here. III A previous offence is when police have booked a suspect for one or more offences; previous offences from the entire criminal history are meant. Source: HKS, KLPD/DNRI. • A considerable percentage of Opium Act suspects have a number of previous offences on record. One third have five or more, and 17% have more than ten. Those charged with offences involving hard drugs have the greatest number of previous convictions. This pattern does not differ from that in 2006 (not in table). • The majority of those charged are aged between 18 and 44. Few are younger than 18 or over 55. Soft drugs offenders tend to be older than hard drug suspects. Registration of Opium Act cases at the Public Prosecutions Department Official reports of drug law violations are forwarded by the police to the offices of the Public Prosecutor. Not all incidents are registered with the Public Prosecutor. Offences are filtered first by the police on the basis of likelihood of successful prosecution. Cases that are deemed ‘unprosecutable’ are not forwarded to the offices of the Public Prosecutor. Data from the Public Prosecutor are available for 2007 and 2008. 202 Netherlands National Drug Monitor - NDM Annual Report 2009
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Netherlands National Drug Monitor N
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Colophon Project Manager Dr. M.W. v
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Preface This is already the tenth A
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5.4 Problem Use 113 5.5 Usage: Inte
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List of abreviations and acronyms 2
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NEMESIS NFU NIGZ NMG NPO NRI NVIC N
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Summary Below is an outline of the
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The number of hospital admissions c
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GHB. In 2008/2009 4.6 percent of fr
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Deaths In the Netherlands, smoking
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Offences by drug users Drug users c
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Opiates Ecstasy Amphetamine Alcohol
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1 Introduction The National Drug Mo
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use, particularly cannabis, under-r
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information is available, this is b
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2 Cannabis Cannabis (Cannabis Sativ
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Figure 2.1 Cannabis users in the Ne
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Figure 2.2 Cannabis use among secon
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Cannabis and problem behaviour •
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Table 2.4 Cannabis use among pupils
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Table 2.5 Current cannabis use in s
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• The sharp increase in treatment
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Trends It is difficult to determine
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• The role of cannabis in all req
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- misuse or dependence on alcohol a
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At the Ambulance Transport Centre (
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• So far, epidemiological studies
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Quality and price The Trimbos Insti
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3 Cocaine Cocaine works as a stimul
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Age, gender and urbanisation level
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Special groups In certain groups of
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Table 3.3 Cocaine use in special gr
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and 7.7% in the U.K (England and Wa
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Table 3.5 Cocaine use among school-
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Figure 3.2 Number of (outpatient) a
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Figure 3.4 Admissions to general ho
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The Netherlands Cause-of-Death stat
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• Little is known as yet about a
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4.2 Usage: general population Heroi
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• In the province of Gelderland,
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Figure 4.1 Estimates of the number
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and syringes exchanged has been reg
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• Between 2001 and 2004 the numbe
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- misuse of or dependence on alcoho
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same time it should be noted that t
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International comparison The Europe
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The total number of chronic hepatit
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• It is thought that risk behavio
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the ICD-9 classification. Drug deat
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Amsterdam GGD Amsterdam reports the
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Figure 4.9 Number of drug-induced d
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• Pupils attending REC-4 schools
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5.3 Usage: juveniles and young adul
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• In 2008, key observers in Amste
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Table 5.3 Use of Ecstasy and amphet
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Table 5.4a Use of amphetamines and
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Table 5.5a Ecstasy use among school
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Ecstasy • The number of (outpatie
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Figure 5.3 Numbers registered with
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• The same person may be admitted
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• The number of requests for info
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According to the EMCDDA, in other E
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Figure 5.6 Concentration of MDMA in
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Table 5.9 Number of samples contain
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• Consumers who had drug samples
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6.2 Usage: general population The r
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GHB use is more common among juveni
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• GHB use among school-goers is l
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Table 6.4 GHB incidents registered
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• Of the liquid samples sold as G
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• Total deaths from alcohol-relat
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Figure 7.1 Alcohol consumption amon
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Ethnic background • Among seconda
Page 151 and 152: Table 7.3 Percentage of current dri
Page 153 and 154: Table 7.4 Alcohol use in the social
Page 155 and 156: Holiday-makers • Research conduct
Page 157 and 158: Figure 7.3 Heavy drinkers by gender
Page 159 and 160: The countries with the lowest perce
Page 161 and 162: • In France it is more likely tha
Page 163 and 164: Figure 7.6 Age distribution of prim
Page 165 and 166: • In 2008, 337 day-care admission
Page 167 and 168: • In approximately 1,200 admissio
Page 169 and 170: Table 7.9 Estimated number of injur
Page 171 and 172: • On the basis of current researc
Page 173 and 174: Figure 7.10 Deaths from alcohol use
Page 175 and 176: • EU member states have different
Page 177 and 178: • Surveys by the Continuous Surve
Page 179 and 180: Figure 8.1 Percentage of smokers in
Page 181 and 182: 8.3 Usage: juveniles and young adul
Page 183 and 184: Special education Table 8.3 shows t
Page 185 and 186: Table 8.4 Smokers in the EU-15 plus
Page 187 and 188: medication, Champix ® , which was
Page 189 and 190: among passive smoking men, the elev
Page 191 and 192: Table 8.6 Deaths from lung cancer a
Page 193 and 194: Since 1 January 2003 it is no longe
Page 195 and 196: Table 8.8 Cigarette prices and taxe
Page 197 and 198: eported. These refer to 2007 in the
Page 199 and 200: Table 9.1 Criminal investigations i
Page 201: Table 9.2 Number of dismantled prod
Page 205 and 206: Figure 9.2 Number of Opium Act case
Page 207 and 208: Table 9.5 Opium Act cases as a perc
Page 209 and 210: Disposals by the courts (in the fir
Page 211 and 212: • Financial orders (Public Prosec
Page 213 and 214: Table 9.9 Prevalence of new crimina
Page 215 and 216: 10.2 Drug use among offenders Drug-
Page 217 and 218: • In some two-thirds of cases opi
Page 219 and 220: I, II Table 10.2 Number of times th
Page 221 and 222: • The ISD has a capacity of 1,000
Page 223 and 224: • Although there are some female
Page 225 and 226: Clinical admission Admission to a h
Page 227 and 228: Mellow Type of music at raves that
Page 229 and 230: Secondary diagnosis A secondary or
Page 231 and 232: Dismissal on policy grounds Decisio
Page 233 and 234: eintegration and rehabilitation of
Page 235 and 236: I. Use and problem use Source Targe
Page 237 and 238: II. Treatment demand and treatment
Page 239 and 240: IV. Market information Source Targe
Page 241 and 242: Source Target group/subject Sources
Page 244 and 245: Appendix C Explanation of ICD-9 and
Page 246 and 247: Appendix D Websites in the area of
Page 248 and 249: Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sp
Page 250: Appendix E Drug use in a number of
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References Adlaf, E.M., Korf, D.J.,
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Coumans, A.M. (2005). Survival on t
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Ganpat, S., Wits, E., Schoenmakers,
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Knibbe, R.A., Joosten, J., Derickx,
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Monshouwer, K., Smit, F., De Graaf,
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Rigter, H., Van Laar, M. (2002). Ep
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Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal (2
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Van Leeuwen, F.E. (1999). Epidemiol
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In the Netherlands various monitori
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