SumerianGrammar

Recommendations

Info

THE VERB 87 pattern 2b (¢am†u) would be termed ergative, while pattern 2a as well as the imperative and cohortative would have to be considered as functioning on a nominative-accusative level. The question will be discussed in more detail in 12.7.4. sg. 1 st sg. 2 nd sg. 3 rd p. sg. 3 rd non-p. pl. 1 st pl. 2 nd pl. 3 rd p. 12.7.3. Conjugation pattern 2b: Transitive -(V-)lá -e-lá -n-lá -b-lá -lá-enden (see note) -e-lá-enzen (see note) -n-lá-e“ In pattern 2b the ergative markers for sg. and 3 rd pl. immediately precede the verbal base (in its ¢am†u variant if such exists). 3 rd p. -n- and -b- appear identical with the absolutive markers of pattern 2a. Note to 1 st sg.: The ergative marker can hardly have been zero, but its original vocalic quality can no longer be ascertained. Some rare OB verbal forms have [e] before the base, thus suggesting identity with the 2 nd sg. [e], but this may be a late analogy formed on the identity of the absolutive/ergative markers [en] of 1 st and 2 nd sg. Note Falkenstein 1949, 159 fn. 2: “Vielleicht ist das Personenzeichen der 1. ps. sg. mit dem der 2. ps. sg. -e- identisch”. Jacobsen 1988, 198, preferred “Poebel’s first suggestion [1923, 175] of a mark zero”. Extensive discussion by Attinger 1993, 217 § 139a, without a definite result. Note to 2 nd sg.: Krecher 1985, 144, proposed identifying the ergative marker as [e(r)] because he analysed the dative and directive elements -e-ra- and -e-re- “to you” as [er-a/e] instead of [e-r-a/e]. He is followed by Attinger 1993, 217–20 and passim. Before Krecher, -r- had been explained as a Hiatustilger (the [r] being borrowed from the dative case particle [ra]). Now since *[er] only occurs between vowels and would otherwise have to be reconstructed as *[e(r)], Krecher’s argument clearly is circular. Moreover, in such cases as á mu-e-da-a-á∞ g [mu-e+da-e-a∞g] “you (moved the arm with me =) ordered me” one would have expected [*r] to be indicated before the vowel of á∞g.
88 CHAPTER TWELVE Note to 1 st pl.: A form -*me-lá, postulated by Poebel 1923, 173 n. 176; Falkenstein 1949, 160 fn. 2; 1959, 40; Thomsen 1984, 148 (but with caution in fn. 43), has not yet been demonstrated. The form -lá-enden is rarely attested in OB; cf. Attinger 1993, 22. It looks like a ‘late’ suppletive form. It is probably just by chance that very few texts record the speech of more than one person. Letters and depositions of witnesses always happen to be in the sg. There was no pluralis maiestatis (“we” for “I”). We hesitate to posit the ergative 1 st pl. marker as (sg.) [(V)] + ... -enden because cross-linguistically “we” is rarely expressed as “I” + pl. (cf. above 5.2). However, formation by analogy with 2 nd pl., (sg.) [e] + . . . -enzen, cannot be excluded. Note: For exceptions cf. Maghrebi (and Maltese) Arabic 1 st pl. niqtlu (1 st sg. = niqtil ) or Chinese wo-men “we” = “I” + pl. Note to 2 nd pl.: A form -e-ene-B was offered by Thomsen 1984, 148, mechanically appending pl. [(e)ne] to sg. [e]. However, the Enlilbàni (of Isin) ‘key text’ HSM 1384 has in line 11 nu-mu-¢eÜ-“[úmm]u-un-zé-en [nu-mu-e-“um-e-nzen] “you did not give (it)” (Edzard 1976, 160; 165). The absolutive markers of conjugation pattern 2b are placed after the verbal base in suffix rank 2 (after [ed]): sg. 1 st sg. 2 nd sg. 3 rd p. sg. 3 rd non-p. pl. 1 st pl. 2 nd pl. 3 rd p. -B-en -B-en -B-Ø -B-Ø -B-enden -B-enzen -B-e“() These elements are identical with the absolutive markers of conjugation pattern 1. Since one ‘slot’ can only receive either an ergative or an absolutive marker, in cases where both might be wanted a selection had to be made, and in such cases it is ergative that prevails: in-túddè-en [i-n-tud-en] “he (erg.) beat me (abs.)” cannot be transformed into “they beat me”, because a form *[i-n-tud-e“-en] would require to fill one ‘slot’ with both [e“] (erg. 3 rd pl.) and [en] (abs. 1 st sg.). Therefore, would such a phrase have to be expressed differently The same applies to forms such as *“we beat you (pl.)”, “they beat us”, etc.
Page 2 and 3:
SUMERIAN GRAMMAR
Page 4 and 5:
SUMERIAN GRAMMAR BY DIETZ OTTO EDZA
Page 6 and 7:
CONTENTS Preface ..................
Page 8 and 9:
CONTENTS vii CHAPTER TWELVE The ver
Page 10 and 11:
CONTENTS ix 12.14.4.7. 2 nd sg. mar
Page 12 and 13:
PREFACE The present Sumerian Gramma
Page 14 and 15:
ABBREVIATIONS AfO AHw. AIUON Ali Le
Page 16 and 17:
ABBREVIATIONS xv En¢eduanna, ZA 65
Page 18 and 19:
ABBREVIATIONS xvii S - O - V = Subj
Page 20 and 21:
CHAPTER ONE THE SUMERIAN LANGUAGE F
Page 22 and 23:
THE SUMERIAN LANGUAGE 3 guages A an
Page 24 and 25:
THE SUMERIAN LANGUAGE 5 and so was
Page 26 and 27:
CHAPTER TWO HOW WE READ SUMERIAN 2.
Page 28 and 29:
HOW WE READ SUMERIAN 9 number, e.g.
Page 30 and 31:
HOW WE READ SUMERIAN 11 exactitude,
Page 32 and 33:
CHAPTER THREE MINIMALIA OF SUMERIAN
Page 34 and 35:
MINIMALIA OF SUMERIAN PHONOLOGY 15
Page 36 and 37:
∞ MINIMALIA OF SUMERIAN PHONOLOGY
Page 38 and 39:
MINIMALIA OF SUMERIAN PHONOLOGY 19
Page 40 and 41:
∞ MINIMALIA OF SUMERIAN PHONOLOGY
Page 42 and 43:
CHAPTER FOUR THE “WORD” IN SUME
Page 44 and 45:
THE “WORD” IN SUMERIAN, PARTS O
Page 46 and 47:
THE “WORD” IN SUMERIAN, PARTS O
Page 48 and 49:
CHAPTER FIVE SUBSTANTIVES 5.1. GENE
Page 50 and 51:
SUBSTANTIVES 31 sessed)”. Much mo
Page 52 and 53:
SUBSTANTIVES 33 gal na 4 -di 4 -di
Page 54 and 55:
SUBSTANTIVES 35 5.4.1. Preliminary
Page 56 and 57: SUBSTANTIVES 37 (b) [k] between -V
Page 58 and 59: SUBSTANTIVES 39 more rarely, at lea
Page 60 and 61: SUBSTANTIVES 41 often in pre-Sargon
Page 62 and 63: SUBSTANTIVES 43 ing is still inadeq
Page 64 and 65: SUBSTANTIVES 45 Note: a-ab-ba-sig-t
Page 66 and 67: CHAPTER SIX ADJECTIVES Adjectives a
Page 68 and 69: CHAPTER SEVEN DETERMINATION, SPECIF
Page 70 and 71: DETERMINATION, SPECIFICATION 51 nes
Page 72 and 73: CHAPTER EIGHT RESUMING THE SEQUENCE
Page 74 and 75: CHAPTER NINE PRONOUNS 9.1. PERSONAL
Page 76 and 77: PRONOUNS 57 At any rate, the high a
Page 78 and 79: PRONOUNS 59 9.5.2. Indefinite prono
Page 80 and 81: CHAPTER TEN NUMERALS 10.1. GENERAL
Page 82 and 83: NUMERALS 63 lowed by banmin), munus
Page 84 and 85: NUMERALS 65 Note: In view of 50 = 4
Page 86 and 87: NUMERALS 67 Note: For purely rhythm
Page 88 and 89: CHAPTER ELEVEN ADVERBS We here rest
Page 90 and 91: ∞ CHAPTER TWELVE THE VERB 12.1. P
Page 92 and 93: ∞ THE VERB 73 12.2. ›AMˇU AND
Page 94 and 95: ∞ THE VERB 75 sg. pl. ¢. a a m.
Page 96 and 97: THE VERB 77 M. Civil and R. D. Bigg
Page 98 and 99: THE VERB 79 [ere] is noted, in non-
Page 100 and 101: THE VERB 81 nate” (var. to ZALAG-
Page 102 and 103: THE VERB 83 “pertaining to the fa
Page 104 and 105: pl. 1 st pl. 2 nd pl. 3 rd person
Page 108 and 109: Table of absolutive-ergative combin
Page 110 and 111: THE VERB 91 For the verb, conjugati
Page 112 and 113: THE VERB 93 It seems practical to a
Page 114 and 115: THE VERB 95 At present, the diachro
Page 116 and 117: 12.8.1.11: No example available. TH
Page 118 and 119: THE VERB 99 Note: The bilingual gra
Page 120 and 121: THE VERB 101 Note: Wilcke 1988, 35,
Page 122 and 123: THE VERB 103 12.8.2. Ventive indica
Page 124 and 125: 12.8.2.32: No example available. TH
Page 126 and 127: THE VERB 107 12.8.2.49 [mue“i]: d
Page 128 and 129: THE VERB 109 b) [mmini]: (é . . .)
Page 130 and 131: THE VERB 111 (2) It does not occur
Page 132 and 133: Table (cont.) Aff. 3 ”I- (1 st ,
Page 134 and 135: THE VERB 115 12.11.2.2. [nu] as a s
Page 136 and 137: THE VERB 117 kalam-e hé-∞gál-la
Page 138 and 139: We summarize the negative moods: TH
Page 140 and 141: THE VERB 121 [nu“] is so far only
Page 142 and 143: THE VERB 123 ù-dé [u-e-de] “wou
Page 144 and 145: THE VERB 125 12.12.2.4. [he-nga] é
Page 146 and 147: THE VERB 127 12.12.2.9. Summary of
Page 148 and 149: THE VERB 129 ∞gen-na “go” Ina
Page 150 and 151: THE VERB 131 12.14.1. B-[Ø], B-B-[
Page 152 and 153: THE VERB 133 As shown above, the ve
Page 154 and 155: THE VERB 135 There are, however, at
Page 156 and 157:
THE VERB 137 of [B-ed-a]. While we
Page 158 and 159:
THE VERB 139 12.14.4.3. 3rd sg. per
Page 160 and 161:
THE VERB 141 Note: There are spelli
Page 162 and 163:
THE VERB 143 Attinger 1993, 179, sh
Page 164 and 165:
THE VERB 145 The original meaning o
Page 166 and 167:
THE VERB 147 12.15.1.3. Complete in
Page 168 and 169:
THE VERB 149 12.15.2.2. Verbalizati
Page 170 and 171:
THE VERB 151 The origin of nominali
Page 172 and 173:
THE VERB 153 If, on the other hand,
Page 174 and 175:
THE VERB 155 d En-líl lú-nam-tar-
Page 176 and 177:
∞ CHAPTER THIRTEEN POST-NOMINAL A
Page 178 and 179:
POST-NOMINAL AND/OR POST-VERBAL PAR
Page 180 and 181:
CHAPTER FOURTEEN CONJUNCTIONS AND S
Page 182 and 183:
CONJUNCTIONS AND SUBJUNCTIONS 163 [
Page 184 and 185:
CONJUNCTIONS AND SUBJUNCTIONS 165 1
Page 186 and 187:
CHAPTER FIFTEEN EXCLAMATIONS “Exc
Page 188 and 189:
EXCLAMATIONS 169 15.9. [INU] in-nu
Page 190 and 191:
CHAPTER SIXTEEN EMESAL Emesal (eme-
Page 192 and 193:
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN THE SUMERO-AKKADI
Page 194 and 195:
THE SUMERO-AKKADIAN LINGUISTIC AREA
Page 196 and 197:
THE SUMERO-AKKADIAN LINGUISTIC AREA
Page 198 and 199:
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN SUMMARY—AND WHAT
Page 200 and 201:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Note: Bibliographical
Page 202 and 203:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 183 B. Kienast 1980: P
Page 204 and 205:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 185 id. 2003: (in prin
Page 206 and 207:
INDEX [a] (exclamation) 167 a > i (
Page 208 and 209:
INDEX 189 Iran 4 [i Utu] (exclamati
Page 210 and 211:
INDEX 191 [“u(mu)] (modal verbal
Page 212 and 213:
1/2/2/1. Boyce, M. A History of Zor
Page 214 and 215:
Band 30 Sharon, M. Corpus Inscripti
show all

SumerianGrammar

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?