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3-L DC Link ML Converter Properties 79 functions can be described in closed form. The result of the rectification can be calculated for each harmonic individually: 1. Each harmonic is inverted in the second half of the fundamental period (assuming zero phase shift of the fundamental) 2. As a result only the fundamental is rectified. All others remain AC values, but with a changed spectrum. 3. Harmonics can then be combined and the complex spectra can be added. 4. If the harmonics are injected without phase shift (which is the normal case for 3 rd harmonic injection and 6 th harmonic injection), the resulting harmonics of the new functions also have zero phase. This means the absolute values of the different spectra can be added directly. In a general approach, the function s x(t) shall be constrained in the following way: 1. The function s x(t) shall contain either harmonics or a DC component, but not both at the same time 2. The function s x(t) shall have exactly two equidistant zero crossings per fundamental period. 3. The position of the zero crossings shall be determined by the fundamental term alone Consequently, there are two distinct cases to be analyzed: i NPx ( t) = i ( t)* (1 − abs( k + m sin( ωt))) (71) x x x Note that there is no general function s x(t) specified in (71) but the function k x+m xsin(ωt). This means the equation is only applicable for a pure sine with a DC component. i NPx ( t) = i ( t)*(1 − ( s ( t)* sign(sin( ωt)))) (72) x x This is applicable for any function with a dominant fundamental according to the above constraints and no DC component. Both spectra can be determined in closed form. The imposed constraints are of course a restriction not applicable in all cases in reality. Nonetheless, it is possible to derive quite universal control laws, as will be shown in the next chapter.
80 3-L DC Link ML Converter Properties 4.8.1 DC offset analysis A DC offset in the switching function s x (t) results in specific harmonics in the rectified switching function abs( s x ( t)) . TABLE 24, HARMONICS IN RECTIFIED SWITCHING FUNCTION ABS(S(T)) IN FUNCTION OF DC OFFSET Harmonics in rectified function DC offset in s x (t) (fundamental_peak = 1) abs( s x ( t)) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 DC 0.637 0.640 0.649 0.665 0.688 0.718 0.755 0.800 0.854 0.919 1.000 1 st 0.000 0.127 0.253 0.376 0.495 0.609 0.715 0.812 0.896 0.963 1.000 2 nd 0.424 0.418 0.399 0.368 0.327 0.276 0.217 0.155 0.092 0.035 0.000 3 rd 0.000 0.042 0.080 0.111 0.131 0.138 0.130 0.108 0.073 0.032 0.000 4 th 0.085 0.079 0.061 0.034 0.003 0.028 0.050 0.060 0.052 0.027 0.000 5 th 0.000 0.024 0.043 0.050 0.045 0.028 0.003 0.020 0.031 0.022 0.000 6 th 0.036 0.030 0.014 0.007 0.025 0.032 0.024 0.006 0.013 0.017 0.000 7 th 0.000 0.017 0.026 0.022 0.008 0.010 0.020 0.016 0.000 0.012 0.000 8 th 0.020 0.014 0.000 0.014 0.018 0.010 0.005 0.014 0.007 0.007 0.000 9 th 0.000 0.012 0.015 0.006 0.007 0.014 0.007 0.006 0.009 0.003 0.000 10 th 0.013 0.007 0.005 0.012 0.007 0.005 0.010 0.002 0.007 0.000 0.000 11 th 0.000 0.009 0.008 0.002 0.009 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.000 12 th 0.009 0.003 0.006 0.008 0.002 0.008 0.001 0.006 0.000 0.003 0.000 13 th 0.000 0.007 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.000 Note that only even harmonics are present in the rectified switching function without DC offset. The DC component and the 2 nd order harmonic are very dominant in this case. With rising DC offset, also odd harmonics appear with relatively low amplitude. Most importantly, a fundamental term steadily rising from 0 to 1 is generated with rising DC offset. This fundamental term is most relevant as it results into a DC NP current when combined with the input current (the multiplication in the time domain corresponds with a convolution in the frequency domain). This term is therefore very useful for the design of a NP controller, as well known from most concepts according to the state of the art. It is also well known that this only works for the active power component, as this is in phase with the fundamental component of the rectified switching function. The reactive power component of the input current is phase shifted by π/2 and does not generate any DC NP current. Alternate solutions are required for the pure reactive case. There are three possibilities to generate a DC NP current besides the DC offset approach:
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THÈSE En vue de l'obtention du DOC
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Acknowledgements i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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iv Table of Contents 3.4 Generic ML
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vi Table of Contents 7.1 General mo
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viii Résumé français (French sum
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x Résumé français (French summar
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xii Résumé français (French summ
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xiv Résumé français (French summ
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xviii Résumé français (French su
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Introduction 1 2 INTRODUCTION This
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Introduction 3 tighter capacitor di
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Introduction 5 TABLE 1, OPERATING R
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Introduction 7 2.3 Glossary Note th
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Introduction 9 2.4 Nomenclature Not
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Introduction 11 DPC DSP DTC FC FPGA
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ML Converter Topologies 13 3 ML CON
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ML Converter Topologies 15 The four
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ML Converter Topologies 17 Each swi
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ML Converter Topologies 19 size doe
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ML Converter Topologies 21 plus (a)
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ML Converter Topologies 23 N >= 2,
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ML Converter Topologies 25 (a) (b)
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ML Converter Topologies 27 (a) (b)
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NP Control with Optimal Sequence SV
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Application and Verification 149 7
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Application and Verification 151 TA
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Application and Verification 155 7.
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170 Conclusions and Outlook 8.1.2 M
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172 Conclusions and Outlook 8.2 Out
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174 Conclusions and Outlook 8.3 Sum
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176 Appendix I = 1− ) (99) ( C 2
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178 Appendix TABLE 78, FLYING CAPAC
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180 Appendix 9.3 Single phase NP cu
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182 Appendix 9.4 States of the ANPC
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184 Appendix 9.5 NP currents as a f
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186 Appendix 9.5.3 Maximum and mini
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188 Appendix 9.6 NP current functio
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190 Appendix TABLE 91, NP CURRENT I
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192 Appendix TABLE 93, NP CURRENT I
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Bibliography 195 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY [1
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Bibliography 197 [33] P. Steimer,
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Bibliography 199 neutral point bala
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Bibliography 201 [88] J. Pou, J. Za
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Christoph Haederli - Les thÃ¨ses en ligne de l'INP - Institut National ...

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