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ML Converter Topologies 47 1 K M 2 LC = (28) 2ω E K I U FC _ max DC tot = M 2LC (29) 2k1 The total required flying capacitor energy in MC based converters and M2LC converters is now possible based on (26) and (29), using only the constants K 2_E_cap and K M2LC without considering the converter voltage and current rating, nor the maximum tolerable voltage excursion of the flying capacitors. Low switching frequency (f_base = 250Hz) Normalized total FC energy 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 MC SMC ANPC 1 SCx+FCx ANPC 2 FCx+SCx ANPC 3 FCx+FCx M2LC N = levels - 1 Figure 42, Normalized total flying capacitor energy at low switching frequency (f base = 250 Hz) and average device switching frequency limitation At a low device average switching frequency of 250 Hz, the transition point where the M2LC becomes more favorable is very low at N=8. Note that the apparent output switching frequency at this point is 2 kHz, which may already be sufficient for many applications. At an intermediate device switching frequency of 1 kHz, the transition point where the M2LC becomes more favorable is at N=22. Note that the apparent output switching frequency at this point is 22 kHz, which is already very high considering the high number of levels. This leads to low filtering requirements at the output.
48 ML Converter Topologies Medium switching frequency (f_base = 2kHz) Normalized total FC energy 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 N = levels - 1 MC SMC ANPC 1 SCx+FCx ANPC 2 FCx+SCx ANPC 3 FCx+FCx M2LC Figure 43, Normalized total flying capacitor energy at medium switching frequency (f base = 2 kHz) and average device switching frequency limitation At a device switching frequency of 2 kHz, the transition point where the M2LC becomes more favorable is at N=42. The apparent output switching frequency at this point is 84 kHz. For those values, output filtering is not a big issue any more for most applications. The design point for the switching frequency is rather given by the efficiency versus flying capacitor dimensioning trade off in this case. The transition point scales linearly with the switching frequency. Accordingly, at 5 kHz, the transition point is expected around N=105.
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THÈSE En vue de l'obtention du DOC
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Acknowledgements i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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iv Table of Contents 3.4 Generic ML
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vi Table of Contents 7.1 General mo
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viii Résumé français (French sum
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x Résumé français (French summar
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xii Résumé français (French summ
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xiv Résumé français (French summ
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Page 22 and 23: Introduction 1 2 INTRODUCTION This
Page 24 and 25: Introduction 3 tighter capacitor di
Page 26 and 27: Introduction 5 TABLE 1, OPERATING R
Page 28 and 29: Introduction 7 2.3 Glossary Note th
Page 30 and 31: Introduction 9 2.4 Nomenclature Not
Page 32 and 33: Introduction 11 DPC DSP DTC FC FPGA
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Page 46 and 47: ML Converter Topologies 25 (a) (b)
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Page 50 and 51: ML Converter Topologies 29 In a pra
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Page 56 and 57: ML Converter Topologies 35 TABLE 16
Page 58 and 59: ML Converter Topologies 37 TABLE 17
Page 60 and 61: ML Converter Topologies 39 3.7.4.1
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NP Control with Carrier based PWM 9
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NP Control with Optimal Sequence SV
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Application and Verification 149 7
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Application and Verification 151 TA
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Application and Verification 153 Th
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Application and Verification 155 7.
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170 Conclusions and Outlook 8.1.2 M
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172 Conclusions and Outlook 8.2 Out
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174 Conclusions and Outlook 8.3 Sum
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176 Appendix I = 1− ) (99) ( C 2
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178 Appendix TABLE 78, FLYING CAPAC
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180 Appendix 9.3 Single phase NP cu
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182 Appendix 9.4 States of the ANPC
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184 Appendix 9.5 NP currents as a f
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186 Appendix 9.5.3 Maximum and mini
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188 Appendix 9.6 NP current functio
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190 Appendix TABLE 91, NP CURRENT I
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192 Appendix TABLE 93, NP CURRENT I
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Bibliography 195 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY [1
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Bibliography 197 [33] P. Steimer,
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Bibliography 199 neutral point bala
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Bibliography 201 [88] J. Pou, J. Za
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Christoph Haederli - Les thÃ¨ses en ligne de l'INP - Institut National ...

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