Christoph Haederli - Les thèses en ligne de l'INP - Institut National ...
Christoph Haederli - Les thèses en ligne de l'INP - Institut National ...
Christoph Haederli - Les thèses en ligne de l'INP - Institut National ...
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46 ML Converter Topologies<br />
<strong>en</strong>ergy in average switching frequ<strong>en</strong>cy limitation while providing full output frequ<strong>en</strong>cy. ANPC1<br />
provi<strong>de</strong>s lowest flying capacitor <strong>en</strong>ergy but it does not yield the highest possible appar<strong>en</strong>t output<br />
switching frequ<strong>en</strong>cy in any of the cases. The ANPC3 provi<strong>de</strong>s highest appar<strong>en</strong>t output switching<br />
frequ<strong>en</strong>cy in all cases while resulting in reasonably low capacitor <strong>en</strong>ergies. Another b<strong>en</strong>efit of the<br />
ANPC3 is its modular structure.<br />
- The ANPC1 is the topology of choice for lowest possible flying capacitor <strong>en</strong>ergy if the<br />
appar<strong>en</strong>t output switching frequ<strong>en</strong>cy does not need to be maximized (in<strong>de</strong>p<strong>en</strong>d<strong>en</strong>tly of<br />
type of <strong>de</strong>vice switching frequ<strong>en</strong>cy limitation) or in case an appar<strong>en</strong>t output switching<br />
frequ<strong>en</strong>cy is giv<strong>en</strong>.<br />
- ANPC 2 and SMC are the best choice in average <strong>de</strong>vice switching frequ<strong>en</strong>cy limited<br />
<strong>de</strong>signs<br />
- The ANPC3 is the best choice in systems where the limit is giv<strong>en</strong> by the maximum <strong>de</strong>vice<br />
switching frequ<strong>en</strong>cy and the need of the highest possible appar<strong>en</strong>t output switching<br />
frequ<strong>en</strong>cy. Ev<strong>en</strong> though the ANPC3 has 3 times as many flying capacitors as the ANPC1,<br />
it can double the appar<strong>en</strong>t output switching frequ<strong>en</strong>cy with just 50% more total flying<br />
capacitor <strong>en</strong>ergy.<br />
3.7.6 Comparison with M 2 LC<br />
The M 2 LC has not be<strong>en</strong> inclu<strong>de</strong>d in the previous paragraphs because its flying capacitor <strong>en</strong>ergy<br />
is giv<strong>en</strong> by the fundam<strong>en</strong>tal frequ<strong>en</strong>cy rather than the switching frequ<strong>en</strong>cy. A new constant<br />
including the switching frequ<strong>en</strong>cy is <strong>de</strong>fined in or<strong>de</strong>r to compare:<br />
K<br />
K<br />
E _ cap<br />
2 _ E _ cap<br />
= (25)<br />
fsw<br />
_ base<br />
With (24) we get<br />
E<br />
I<br />
U<br />
FC _ max DC<br />
tot<br />
= K2 _ E _ cap<br />
(26)<br />
2k1<br />
K 2_E_cap can also be <strong>de</strong>fined for the M 2 LC. The <strong>en</strong>ergy in the M2LC flying capacitors can be<br />
calculated as follows, starting from (103) and (9).<br />
E<br />
Iˆ<br />
DC<br />
2<br />
ˆ<br />
2<br />
out<br />
CU<br />
*<br />
ˆ I<br />
_ maxU<br />
C<br />
Iout<br />
UC<br />
N IoutU<br />
DC FC DC<br />
tot<br />
= 2N<br />
= 2N<br />
= N<br />
⎝ ⎠<br />
= =<br />
(27)<br />
2 4ωUˆ<br />
_<br />
*2 k1U<br />
DC 4ωk1<br />
4ωk<br />
cap ac<br />
1<br />
4ω<br />
⎛U<br />
⎜<br />
N<br />
⎞<br />
⎟<br />
2<br />
In or<strong>de</strong>r to be able to compare directly with MC based converters, we <strong>de</strong>fine: