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NP Control with Optimal Sequence SVM 135 current is obviously very large (compare with last column of TABLE 23). A full set of graphs for different load angles and modulation schemes is given in appendix 9.5.3. m θ m θ (a) (b) Figure 95, (a) Maximum and (b) minimum NP currents in function of modulation depth and voltage angle θ in pure reactive power operation 6.1.5.2 Average minimum and maximum NP currents The average minimum and maximum NP currents over the fundamental period are a measure for the NP control capacity. For low modulation depth, virtual vector sequences are available for several phases. As a result, the NP current control capacity can be increased to 50% (of the peak phase current) for all load angles at low modulation depths down to zero. For high modulation depth, virtual vector sequences are available for one phase only and the effectiveness is depending on the load angle. Nevertheless, there is a significant impact on the NP current control capacity in both reactive and active power operation, as can be seen from Figure 96. Notably in the over modulation region, the modified and virtual vector scheme still provides effective NP control capacity. Note that for zero load angle, the unconstrained DC CM injection performs the same as the real time NP current scheme; the green curve is not visible in the graph as it coincides with the blue curve. Note that the red lines in Figure 96 (b) for minium and maximum average NP currents over a fundamental period correspond with an averaging of the functions in Figure 95 over θ. (a) (b) Figure 96, minimum and maximum average NP currents in function of load angle, modulation type and modulation depth. Red: modified and virtual vector scheme, Blue: real time NP current scheme, Green: unconstrained DC CM injection scheme. (a) ϕ = 0 (cos(ϕ) = 1), (b) ϕ = 1.56 (cos(ϕ) = 0.01)
136 NP Control with Optimal Sequence SVM A full set of graphs for different load angles ϕ is given in appendix 9.5.4. 6.1.6 Implementation of a virtual vector modulator and experimental verification The virtual vector modulator has been implemented based on lookup tables for the first segment. All other vectors are transformed into that first segment to calculate states and application times. The calculations are done based on a non perpendicular coordinate system, very similar to the algorithm presented in [67]. A seamless integration of the different sequences is crucial, as there may be multiple changes in type of sequence within a fundamental period (see Figure 94). Also, the modulator needs to be compatible with standard modulators so that a smooth transition between the different operating modes is guaranteed. These features have been confirmed both by simulation and experiment. 300 36 200 24 100 12 Voltage 0 0 Current -100 -200 U_phase1 U_phase2 U_21 U_NP I_phase2 -300 -36 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0 0.01 Time -12 -24 CH1 (yellow): U out1 CH2 (cyan): U out2 CH3 (magenta): U NP CH4 (green): I out2 MATH (red): U out1-2 Figure 97, Virtual vector modulation at low modulation depth (m=0.2) and high modulation depth (m=0.9) in pure reactive power operation with zoom on transition period Figure 97 shows a step in modulation depth from m=0.2 to m=0.9. This step includes a transition from virtual vector sequences type 1 to virtual vector sequences type 2, which seems to go very smooth. For low modulation depth, only virtual vector sequences type 1 are applied. They generate systematic 2 level steps in the phase voltages, but they are not visible in the phase to phase voltages (apart from glitches generated by commutation). Accordingly, there is no distortion in the current compared to any standard modulation scheme. The NP current can be kept zero in this operating mode and there is no low frequency ripple in the NP voltage. For high modulation depth, virtual vector sequences type 2 are applied. They also generate 2 level steps in the phase voltages, but these are not completely cancelled out and are partly visible also in the phase to phase voltages as expected from theory and simulation. For high modulation depth, the NP current cannot be cancelled out completely and a third harmonic appears.
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THÈSE En vue de l'obtention du DOC
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Acknowledgements i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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iv Table of Contents 3.4 Generic ML
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vi Table of Contents 7.1 General mo
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viii Résumé français (French sum
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x Résumé français (French summar
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xii Résumé français (French summ
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xiv Résumé français (French summ
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Introduction 1 2 INTRODUCTION This
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Introduction 3 tighter capacitor di
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Introduction 5 TABLE 1, OPERATING R
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Introduction 7 2.3 Glossary Note th
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Introduction 9 2.4 Nomenclature Not
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Introduction 11 DPC DSP DTC FC FPGA
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ML Converter Topologies 13 3 ML CON
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ML Converter Topologies 15 The four
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ML Converter Topologies 17 Each swi
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ML Converter Topologies 19 size doe
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ML Converter Topologies 21 plus (a)
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ML Converter Topologies 23 N >= 2,
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ML Converter Topologies 25 (a) (b)
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ML Converter Topologies 27 (a) (b)
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ML Converter Topologies 29 In a pra
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ML Converter Topologies 31 reality,
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ML Converter Topologies 33 All cons
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ML Converter Topologies 35 TABLE 16
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ML Converter Topologies 37 TABLE 17
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ML Converter Topologies 39 3.7.4.1
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ML Converter Topologies 43 A second
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ML Converter Topologies 45 Limitati
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ML Converter Topologies 47 1 K M 2
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ML Converter Topologies 49 3.8 Exec
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Page 170 and 171: Application and Verification 149 7
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Page 188: Application and Verification 167 7.
Page 191 and 192: 170 Conclusions and Outlook 8.1.2 M
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Page 195 and 196: 174 Conclusions and Outlook 8.3 Sum
Page 197 and 198: 176 Appendix I = 1− ) (99) ( C 2
Page 199 and 200: 178 Appendix TABLE 78, FLYING CAPAC
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186 Appendix 9.5.3 Maximum and mini
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188 Appendix 9.6 NP current functio
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190 Appendix TABLE 91, NP CURRENT I
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192 Appendix TABLE 93, NP CURRENT I
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Bibliography 195 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY [1
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Bibliography 197 [33] P. Steimer,
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Bibliography 199 neutral point bala
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Bibliography 201 [88] J. Pou, J. Za
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