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NP Control with Optimal Sequence SVM 145 The algorithm takes time to compute; the resulting delay degrades performance and limits the control bandwidth. Comparing the different modulation types we can state: - Standard carrier based PWM or a NTV SVM can be done with very little computational effort. - Optimal sequence SVM required significant calculation time o Around 2500 floating point operations are required in each modulation cycle in the single commutation scheme o Around 50’000 floating point operations are required in each modulation cycle in the double commutation scheme. The maximum calculation time allowed depends highly on the switching frequency and the control bandwidth required. A maximum calculation time of around 100µs is assumed to yield reasonable performance in standard applications. This seems possible for single commutation optimal sequence SVM (either in an optimized C routine or hard programmed in an FPGA). A fast enough implementation of the optimal sequence SVM with double commutations is a very big challenge with today’s available control hardware, but it may be feasible in the not too distant future. 6.2.3 Implementation on control platform and experimental verification The predictive optimal sequence SVM has been implemented on a commercial control platform (OPCoDe by ABB), which allows implementation of control in Matlab / Simulink, simulation of the code in that environment and direct downloading of the same code to the target application. In order to allow implementation on the CPU rather than on the FPGA, the code has been optimized for fast execution. 6.2.3.1 Modulator adaptations for implementation on control platform The sequence length has been reduced to 3 and only single commutations are allowed. This reduced the maximum number of sequences to be calculated to 40 (5 starting states with 2 trees each, each of the trees having 4 sequences). THD calculation has been excluded to further speed up calculation. No additional optimal states are considered. 6.2.3.2 Experimental results The optimal sequence SVM algorithm has been verified on the 6kVA 5-L ANPC prototype. Figure 101 shows one specific operating point of m = 0.9. The DC-side of the converter is supplied by a constant DC source of V DC = 80V and the AC-side terminals are connected to a three-phase RL load (10 Ω and 4.2 mH, cos(ϕ) = 0.966 at 25 Hz). The resulting current is 2.8 A.
146 NP Control with Optimal Sequence SVM CH1 (orange): U out1_2 CH3 (magenta): U NP CH4 (green): I out3 Figure 101, Predictive optimal sequence SVM scheme with single commutations A 9-L waveform can be seen in the measured phase to phase voltages (given by the 5-L waveform in each phase) in Figure 101. The converter is balancing the NP as expected. A 3 rd harmonic is clearly visible on the graph on the left side.
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THÈSE En vue de l'obtention du DOC
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Acknowledgements i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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iv Table of Contents 3.4 Generic ML
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vi Table of Contents 7.1 General mo
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viii Résumé français (French sum
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Introduction 1 2 INTRODUCTION This
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Introduction 3 tighter capacitor di
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Introduction 5 TABLE 1, OPERATING R
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Introduction 7 2.3 Glossary Note th
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Introduction 9 2.4 Nomenclature Not
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Introduction 11 DPC DSP DTC FC FPGA
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ML Converter Topologies 13 3 ML CON
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ML Converter Topologies 15 The four
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ML Converter Topologies 17 Each swi
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ML Converter Topologies 19 size doe
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ML Converter Topologies 21 plus (a)
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ML Converter Topologies 23 N >= 2,
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ML Converter Topologies 25 (a) (b)
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ML Converter Topologies 27 (a) (b)
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ML Converter Topologies 29 In a pra
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ML Converter Topologies 31 reality,
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ML Converter Topologies 33 All cons
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ML Converter Topologies 35 TABLE 16
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ML Converter Topologies 37 TABLE 17
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ML Converter Topologies 39 3.7.4.1
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ML Converter Topologies 41 f C sw =
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ML Converter Topologies 43 A second
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ML Converter Topologies 45 Limitati
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ML Converter Topologies 47 1 K M 2
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ML Converter Topologies 49 3.8 Exec
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52 3-L DC Link ML Converter Propert
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Page 191 and 192: 170 Conclusions and Outlook 8.1.2 M
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Bibliography 195 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY [1
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Bibliography 197 [33] P. Steimer,
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Bibliography 199 neutral point bala
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Bibliography 201 [88] J. Pou, J. Za
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Christoph Haederli - Les thÃ¨ses en ligne de l'INP - Institut National ...

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