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3-L DC Link ML Converter Properties 55 4.2.1 5-L ANPC 1 converter states The 5-L ANPC 1 has 4 commutation cells per phase, 3 of them are independent as indicated in Figure 47. The two cells connected to the DC link need to operate simultaneously to not violate blocking voltage requirements and to provide a reasonable input to the output MC stage. 1 2 3 1 (a) (b) (c) Figure 47, ANPC type 1 with numbered commutation cells (a), sample redundant states for U out = -U DC/4 (b) and (c), red line indicates conduction, dotted lines indicate paths where switches may be turned on (but having zero current) The state for a single phase leg is described with the binary number b 1b 2b 3, the indices corresponding with the number of the switching cells, and b1 being the MSB, b3 being the LSB. The output current and the state of the phase leg determine the currents in NP and FC as shown in TABLE 20. TABLE 20, STATES OF SINGLE PHASE LEG OF THE ANPC 1 State (decimal) State (binary, Level number and b 1b 2b 3) voltage I NP I FC {0} DS {000} BS 0 (-U DC/2) 0 0 {1} DS {001} BS 1 (-U DC/4) 0 +I Out {2} DS {010} BS 1 (-U DC/4) +I Out -I Out {3} DS {011} BS 2 (GND) +I Out 0 {4} DS {100} BS 2 (GND) +I Out 0 {5} DS {101} BS 3 (+U DC/4) +I Out +I Out {6} DS {110} BS 3 (+U DC/4) 0 -I Out {7} DS {111} BS 4 (+U DC/2) 0 0 Note that level 0 and 4 have no redundant states. Level 1 and 3 have two redundant states each with differing NP and FC currents. Level 2 has two redundant states without impact on NP nor FC current. For a three phase system, we get the following number of available vectors and states:
56 3-L DC Link ML Converter Properties TABLE 21, NUMBERS OF STATES OF THE 5-L ANPC TYPE 1 Number of discrete 2-D space vectors in αβ: 61 Number of discrete 3-D space vectors in abc: 125 Number of states generating different voltage, or NP or FC current (only considering 7 states per phase) Total number of converter states for the 5-L ANPC (considering all 8 states per phase) 343 512 The large number of redundant states can be used to control NP and FC voltages (see paragraph 4.5.3.1), as well as for optimization of loss distribution or optimization of CM voltage. The total number of redundant states for a given topology is also a measure for the controllability of the converter. More redundant states indicate a higher degree of freedom and improved controllability of the converter. FC currents are defined by the state of the corresponding phase leg alone; the NP current is defined by the states of all three phases: I NP = I NPa + I NPb + I NPc. For the case of I a + I b + I c = 0, the NP current can be equal to an individual phase output current or the sum of two phase output currents, which is equal to minus any of the individual phase output currents. This means the NP current is zero, or plus or minus a given single phase current for any converter state. Output voltage vectors can be described by grouping the output levels (from 0 to 4) of the three phases in braces: {abc} 3D. Note that such an output voltage vector does not contain any information on redundant states, but it can contain information on CM: {100} 3D and {433} 3D generate the same DM but different CM voltage. TABLE 22 shows all possible states for the differential vector {100} 2D, TABLE 84 in appendix 9.4 lists all states of the first 60° segment of an ANPC 1 converter with the corresponding NP and FC currents. 4.3 Space vector representation Three phase values can be represented as vectors in a three dimensional space, directly using the phase quantities (e.g. phase output voltages) as variables for the three coordinates. The subspace of physically available voltage vectors for any three phase VSI is a cube, if each phase can independently assume minimum and maximum voltage. In most applications, the differential mode (DM) voltage between the three phases is most important as it defines the main operation of the converter and is responsible for the power transfer. The common mode (CM) voltage on the other hand has no explicit function with respect to output quantities, but rather creates parasitic effects like stress of winding insulation in a transformer or generation of bearings currents in a motor. Therefore, the CM voltage can optimized for minimization of parasitic effects or it can be used for the control of converter internal quantities like NP voltage. Due to the different functions of DM and CM, it is helpful to use a representation separating DM and CM. A coordinate transformation can be used to get two new coordinates representing the DM and one coordinate representing the CM (αβ0-system). Other systems are possible, for
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THÈSE En vue de l'obtention du DOC
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Acknowledgements i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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iv Table of Contents 3.4 Generic ML
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vi Table of Contents 7.1 General mo
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viii Résumé français (French sum
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Introduction 1 2 INTRODUCTION This
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Introduction 3 tighter capacitor di
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Page 32 and 33: Introduction 11 DPC DSP DTC FC FPGA
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Page 46 and 47: ML Converter Topologies 25 (a) (b)
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NP Control with Carrier based PWM 1
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Application and Verification 149 7
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Application and Verification 155 7.
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170 Conclusions and Outlook 8.1.2 M
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172 Conclusions and Outlook 8.2 Out
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174 Conclusions and Outlook 8.3 Sum
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176 Appendix I = 1− ) (99) ( C 2
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178 Appendix TABLE 78, FLYING CAPAC
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180 Appendix 9.3 Single phase NP cu
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182 Appendix 9.4 States of the ANPC
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184 Appendix 9.5 NP currents as a f
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190 Appendix TABLE 91, NP CURRENT I
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192 Appendix TABLE 93, NP CURRENT I
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Bibliography 195 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY [1
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Bibliography 197 [33] P. Steimer,
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Bibliography 199 neutral point bala
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Bibliography 201 [88] J. Pou, J. Za
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Christoph Haederli - Les thÃ¨ses en ligne de l'INP - Institut National ...

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