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NP Control with Carrier based PWM 117 1 I NP / I out_peak Standard SMC SMC A alone SMC B alone -0.5 0.5 U CM / U DC Physical CM limits Standard and A min. Standard and A max. All types min. All types max. -1 Figure 78, NP current with extended modulation scheme (α = 0.64, ϕ = 1.51, θ = 0.68) in function of CM voltage It can be seen that the functions for the minimum and maximum NP currents are not trivial. They are piecewise linear functions, but now with up to 3 midpoints per phase, which all generate singularities in the resulting function. As there are three phases and each phase can make use of a different modulation scheme, there are a total of 27 individual NP current functions per operating point. All these 27 functions have up to 9 singularities. This is a level of complexity that can easily be calculated online if required for a given control scheme (see also 5.1.2 on NP control with real time NP current function). 5.3.3 NP control The previous paragraph has shown the impact of the different modulation schemes on the NP current. Dynamic application of these schemes can be used to control the NP voltage. The following scheme applies to the SMC, a very similar scheme would be possible for the ANPC type 3 making use of the differing NP current function as shown in Figure 72. The proposed scheme does not make use of CM injection at all. It only makes use of the different modulation types to control the NP. 5: Standard and B Modulation type 4: Standard and A 3: Standard only 2: Standard and A Delta U_NP 1: Standard and B T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 Figure 79, Hysteresis NP-voltage controller for SMC (thresholds: T1 to T6) A hysteresis controller for the SMC with six thresholds is proposed. It is acting on a state machine with 5 states (Figure 79). The modulation type is then determined dynamically according
118 NP Control with Carrier based PWM to Table 45. The modulation type in each phase (a,b,c) is chosen according to the state and the sign of the current in the corresponding phase output. TABLE 45, DECISION TABLE FOR MODULATION TYPES State I a: pos I a: neg I b: pos I b: neg I c: pos I c: neg 5 Std B Std B Std B 4 Std A Std A Std A 3 Std Std Std Std Std Std 2 A Std A Std A Std 1 B Std B Std B Std The yellow boxes on the left hand side indicate the output level of all states on that line (assuming correct state of NP voltage and FC voltages) The white boxes indicate the states of the converter. The number of the state are numbered such that each bit corresponds with the state of an individual cell [c11 c12 c21 c22]. If a converter state is used twice in the state machine, the state gets an additional leading bit (e.g. states 7 and 23). Green connectors indicate transitions for all modulation types Black connectors indicate transitions for standard modulation type Red connectors indicate transitions for modulation type A Blue connectors indicate transitions for modulation type B Brown connectors indicate transitions for modulation type standard and A Purple connectors indicate transitions for modulation type A and B Dotted cyan connectors indicate transitions used for transitions to other modulation level only Figure 80, state machine for SMC modulation (standard, type A and type B)
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THÈSE En vue de l'obtention du DOC
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Acknowledgements i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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iv Table of Contents 3.4 Generic ML
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vi Table of Contents 7.1 General mo
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viii Résumé français (French sum
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x Résumé français (French summar
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xii Résumé français (French summ
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xiv Résumé français (French summ
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xvi Résumé français (French summ
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xviii Résumé français (French su
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Introduction 1 2 INTRODUCTION This
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Introduction 3 tighter capacitor di
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Introduction 5 TABLE 1, OPERATING R
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Introduction 7 2.3 Glossary Note th
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Introduction 9 2.4 Nomenclature Not
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Introduction 11 DPC DSP DTC FC FPGA
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ML Converter Topologies 13 3 ML CON
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ML Converter Topologies 15 The four
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ML Converter Topologies 17 Each swi
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ML Converter Topologies 19 size doe
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ML Converter Topologies 21 plus (a)
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ML Converter Topologies 23 N >= 2,
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ML Converter Topologies 25 (a) (b)
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ML Converter Topologies 27 (a) (b)
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ML Converter Topologies 29 In a pra
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ML Converter Topologies 31 reality,
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ML Converter Topologies 33 All cons
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ML Converter Topologies 35 TABLE 16
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ML Converter Topologies 37 TABLE 17
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ML Converter Topologies 39 3.7.4.1
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ML Converter Topologies 41 f C sw =
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ML Converter Topologies 43 A second
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ML Converter Topologies 45 Limitati
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ML Converter Topologies 47 1 K M 2
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ML Converter Topologies 49 3.8 Exec
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52 3-L DC Link ML Converter Propert
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Page 110 and 111: NP Control with Carrier based PWM 8
Page 144 and 145: NP Control with Optimal Sequence SV
Page 170 and 171: Application and Verification 149 7
Page 172 and 173: Application and Verification 151 TA
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Application and Verification 167 7.
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170 Conclusions and Outlook 8.1.2 M
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172 Conclusions and Outlook 8.2 Out
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174 Conclusions and Outlook 8.3 Sum
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176 Appendix I = 1− ) (99) ( C 2
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178 Appendix TABLE 78, FLYING CAPAC
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180 Appendix 9.3 Single phase NP cu
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182 Appendix 9.4 States of the ANPC
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184 Appendix 9.5 NP currents as a f
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186 Appendix 9.5.3 Maximum and mini
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188 Appendix 9.6 NP current functio
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190 Appendix TABLE 91, NP CURRENT I
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192 Appendix TABLE 93, NP CURRENT I
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Bibliography 195 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY [1
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Bibliography 197 [33] P. Steimer,
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Bibliography 199 neutral point bala
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Bibliography 201 [88] J. Pou, J. Za
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