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NP Control with Carrier based PWM 91 For best NP voltage control, the controller always applies the CM with the lowest possible NP current in case of zero NP voltage offset. However, it doesn’t necessarily have to be that way. A strategy with a non minimum NP current ripple can be chosen instead, for example to minimize losses or output current distortion. The zero NP-voltage-offset operating point (see also glossary) can be chosen quite flexibly. A NP voltage feedback controller will then acts from this zero NP-voltageoffset operating point by adding or subtracting a suitable CM value as a function of NP voltage offset and controller gain. The zero NP-voltage-offset operating point varies over time and describes a trajectory according to the black lines in the graphs of TABLE 30. The three columns describe different strategies for the definition of the zero NP-voltage-offset operating point trajectory over θ. Note that the four graphs in a given column describe the same function from a different viewpoint. This type of representation is used as a standard in all tables of that kind throughout the thesis. 1.00 NP current 0.50 0.00 -0.50 NP current Range Min. U-CM CSPD PWM Min. I-NP -1.00 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 s CM Figure 66, Different zero NP-voltage-offset operating points for m = 0.95, ϕ = 0.86, θ = 1.67 TABLE 29, DEFINITION OF REAL TIME NP CURRENT FUNCTION CONTROL SCHEME 1. Determine maximum and minimum NP current points of piecewise linear NP current function. 2. Constrain the CM to the range between the values generating maximum and minimum NP current. 3. Determine a suitable zero NP-voltage-offset operating point for the feedback controller a. Optimization for bearing current minimization: Lowest possible CM voltage (TABLE 30 [a]) b. Optimization for DC link design: Lowest possible NP current (TABLE 30 [b]) c. Optimization for DM waveforms (harmonic standards for AFE, motor losses in drives): Use of primary modulator of choice (e.g. CSPD PWM, TABLE 30 [c] or 3 rd harmonic injection, offline optimized patterns etc.) 4. Determine the gain for the feedback controller a. Trade off between NP control dynamics and steady state performance according to the criteria under point 3 (a – c).
92 NP Control with Carrier based PWM TABLE 30, OPTIONS FOR THE USE OF THE REAL TIME NP CURRENT FUNCTION WITH THE EXAMPLE OF m = 0.95 AND COS (ϕ) = 0.86, CALCULATED WAVEFORMS (a) Lowest possible CM voltage (b) Lowest possible NP current (c) Optimization for output harmonics (CSPD PWM) U CM U CM U CM Note that PhiUI (or PhiUI) in these graphs is equivalent to ϕ, PhiU is equivalent to θ, and UCM is equivalent to Legend (valid for all graphs of this type): - red: maximum NP current trajectory - blue: minimum NP current trajectory - black: NP current trajectory based on CM injection strategy - thin lines: NP current function over time s . CM
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THÈSE En vue de l'obtention du DOC
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Acknowledgements i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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iv Table of Contents 3.4 Generic ML
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vi Table of Contents 7.1 General mo
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viii Résumé français (French sum
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x Résumé français (French summar
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xii Résumé français (French summ
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xiv Résumé français (French summ
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xvi Résumé français (French summ
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xviii Résumé français (French su
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Introduction 1 2 INTRODUCTION This
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Introduction 3 tighter capacitor di
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Introduction 5 TABLE 1, OPERATING R
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Introduction 7 2.3 Glossary Note th
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Introduction 9 2.4 Nomenclature Not
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Introduction 11 DPC DSP DTC FC FPGA
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ML Converter Topologies 13 3 ML CON
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ML Converter Topologies 15 The four
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ML Converter Topologies 17 Each swi
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ML Converter Topologies 19 size doe
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ML Converter Topologies 21 plus (a)
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ML Converter Topologies 23 N >= 2,
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ML Converter Topologies 25 (a) (b)
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ML Converter Topologies 27 (a) (b)
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ML Converter Topologies 29 In a pra
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ML Converter Topologies 31 reality,
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ML Converter Topologies 33 All cons
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ML Converter Topologies 35 TABLE 16
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ML Converter Topologies 37 TABLE 17
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ML Converter Topologies 39 3.7.4.1
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NP Control with Optimal Sequence SV
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Application and Verification 149 7
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Application and Verification 151 TA
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Application and Verification 153 Th
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Application and Verification 155 7.
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170 Conclusions and Outlook 8.1.2 M
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172 Conclusions and Outlook 8.2 Out
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174 Conclusions and Outlook 8.3 Sum
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176 Appendix I = 1− ) (99) ( C 2
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178 Appendix TABLE 78, FLYING CAPAC
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180 Appendix 9.3 Single phase NP cu
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182 Appendix 9.4 States of the ANPC
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184 Appendix 9.5 NP currents as a f
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186 Appendix 9.5.3 Maximum and mini
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188 Appendix 9.6 NP current functio
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190 Appendix TABLE 91, NP CURRENT I
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192 Appendix TABLE 93, NP CURRENT I
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Bibliography 195 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY [1
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Bibliography 197 [33] P. Steimer,
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Bibliography 199 neutral point bala
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Bibliography 201 [88] J. Pou, J. Za
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