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ML Converter Topologies 21 plus (a) (b) Figure 24, Generation of a 7-L SMC converter by stacking two 4-L MC converters (a) (b) Figure 25, 5-L and 7-L stacked multi-cell converter (SMC) 3.5.2 Multi level active neutral point clamped converter ML ANPC The ML ANPC is one possible alternative also using a multilevel supply combined with flying capacitors. However, the ML ANPC uses a different switch arrangement and allows for a reduced number of capacitors. The stacked capacitors of the SMC can be combined into a single flying capacitor. Unlike the SMC starting from the MC, the ML ANPC starts from a 3-L ANPC structure (which can also be considered a FS structure). Flying capacitors can be added in three positions in the ANPC: The two DC link switching cells and the output switching cell. The functionality is the same in all cases: both halves of the DC link form a MC converter with some of the capacitors. Figure 26 shows the different topologies possible. The multi cell stages are numbered from 1 to 3 to make general statements on the various possible converter implementations.
22 ML Converter Topologies 1 3 2 (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 26, 3-L ANPC (a) and 5-L ANPC type 1 (b), type 2 (c) and type 3 (d) TABLE 5, FEATURES OF THE GENERALIZED ML ANPC CONVERTER 1. Different number of flying capacitor commutation cells N1, N2 and M for the cells 1, 2 and 3 can be used in a general approach (N1, N2, M all >=1). 2. The number of capacitor required per cell stage is N-1, the number of resulting output levels per stage is N+1 3. Not all switches in a chosen configuration require the same blocking voltage. The blocking voltage depends on the number of cells within one stage. As N and M may be different, blocking voltage requirements may be different. This can be achieved by the application of different devices or by a series connection of switches. TABLE 6, OVERVIEW OF GENERAL ML ANPC IMPLEMENTATIONS Cell numbers Description Comments N = M = 1 3-L ANPC In contrast to the NPC, the 3 level version of the ANPC allows for loss balancing [22]. N = 1, M >= 2 ML ANPC type 1 Figure 26 (b) N >= 2, M = 1 ML ANPC type 2 Figure 26 (c) stacked MC converters N = M >= 2 ML ANPC type 3 Figure 26 (d) Minimized capacitor count. The input stages are only used to switch between top and bottom input. High frequency modulation is done in the output stage only. The DC link stages consist of MC converters. These operate at high frequency modulation. The output stage is only used to switch between the two MC converters. This results in similar operating schemes as for the SMC. There is increased redundancy, which can be used for control performance or loss distribution. All stages can be operated either individually (to redistribute losses) or all together (to have an impact on the NP current). Interleaved operation allows for higher apparent output frequency, given a maximum device switching frequency.
Page 1 and 2: THÈSE En vue de l'obtention du DOC
Page 3: Acknowledgements i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Page 6 and 7: iv Table of Contents 3.4 Generic ML
Page 8 and 9: vi Table of Contents 7.1 General mo
Page 10 and 11: viii Résumé français (French sum
Page 12 and 13: x Résumé français (French summar
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Page 16 and 17: xiv Résumé français (French summ
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Page 22 and 23: Introduction 1 2 INTRODUCTION This
Page 24 and 25: Introduction 3 tighter capacitor di
Page 26 and 27: Introduction 5 TABLE 1, OPERATING R
Page 28 and 29: Introduction 7 2.3 Glossary Note th
Page 30 and 31: Introduction 9 2.4 Nomenclature Not
Page 32 and 33: Introduction 11 DPC DSP DTC FC FPGA
Page 34 and 35: ML Converter Topologies 13 3 ML CON
Page 36 and 37: ML Converter Topologies 15 The four
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Page 46 and 47: ML Converter Topologies 25 (a) (b)
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NP Control with Carrier based PWM 8
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Application and Verification 149 7
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Application and Verification 155 7.
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170 Conclusions and Outlook 8.1.2 M
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176 Appendix I = 1− ) (99) ( C 2
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178 Appendix TABLE 78, FLYING CAPAC
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180 Appendix 9.3 Single phase NP cu
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182 Appendix 9.4 States of the ANPC
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184 Appendix 9.5 NP currents as a f
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186 Appendix 9.5.3 Maximum and mini
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188 Appendix 9.6 NP current functio
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190 Appendix TABLE 91, NP CURRENT I
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192 Appendix TABLE 93, NP CURRENT I
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Bibliography 195 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY [1
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Bibliography 197 [33] P. Steimer,
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Bibliography 199 neutral point bala
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Bibliography 201 [88] J. Pou, J. Za
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Christoph Haederli - Les thÃ¨ses en ligne de l'INP - Institut National ...

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