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NP Control with Optimal Sequence SVM 143 The performance of the optimal sequence modulator can be tuned depending on requirements by choosing an appropriate objective function. 6.2.2 Modulator implementation and simulation results A modulator as described in the previous paragraphs has been implemented in Matlab/Simulink by use of an m-function. Several parameters of the modulator can be chosen flexibly, including the number of commutations per state change, the use of optimal states, THD minimization scheme, and CM optimization. A set of simulations has been done to demonstrate the performance and capabilities of the modulator. For comparison, standard carrier based modulators have also been used (CSPD PWM, 3 rd harmonic injection PD PWM). TABLE 58, OPERATING CONDITIONS FOR OPTIMAL SEQUENCE MODULATOR SIMULATIONS PWM(X) X = 0 X = 1 SVM(XY) X = 0 X = 1 Y = 0 Y = 1 PD carrier based PWM modulation Continuous modulation with 3 rd harmonic injection (1/6 of fundamental) Discontinuous modulation (highest absolute value output clamped to rail) space vector modulation only single commutations (per state change) allowed double commutations (per state change) allowed no THD minimization applied THD minimization applied TABLE 59, VARIOUS MODULATION TYPES WITH 500 HZ SWITCHING FREQUENCY, M = 0.8, COS(ϕ)=0.75, R LOAD = 2 Ω, L LOAD = 1mH Modulation f switch f switch Switching THD THD THD THD THD Comments Type Output Internal Losses U12 I1 I2 I3 avg. SVM(00) 500 585 100% 20.3 8.1 8.3 7.8 8.1 Reference operation SVM(01) 503 520 98% 16.8 7.3 6.0 7.2 6.8 Reduction in THD SVM(10) 497 561 97% 19.9 6.3 8.0 7.5 7.3 Lower THD than single commutation approach SVM(11) 497 680 101% 14.2 4.8 5.5 5.1 5.1 Very significant reduction in THD (U and I) PWM(0) 503 595 105% 17.2 8.2 7.6 7.5 7.8 Relatively high loss and high THD PWM(1) 511 751 101% 21.0 8.6 8.9 9.1 8.9 Very high THD From TABLE 59 and TABLE 60, we can observe that carrier based PWM with 3 rd harmonic injection has always the highest level of losses. For a given loss level, the current THD behaves as follows:
144 NP Control with Optimal Sequence SVM - Double commutation SVM has by far the lowest THD - Single commutation SVM has the second lowest THD - Carrier based PWM has the highest THD For a given THD, the losses behave as follows: - SVM has significantly lower losses than carrier based PWM - Double commutation based SVM has lower losses than single commutation based SVM TABLE 60, VARIOUS MODULATION TYPES WITH 2000 HZ SWITCHING FREQUENCY, M = 0.8, COS(ϕ)=0.85, R LOAD = 2.4 Ω, L LOAD = 0.25mH Modulation f switch f switch Switching THD THD THD THD THD Comments Type Output Internal Losses U12 I1 I2 I3 avg. SVM(00) 1990 2144 307% 17.5 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.5 Very low switching loss (3 times the loss at 4 times f switch). THD cannot be compared as a different load is used SVM(01) 1987 2121 408% 16.7 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.7 Moderate THD reduction but large loss increase SVM(10) 1990 2268 305% 17.5 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.7 Very similar to single commutation operation SVM(11) 1990 2573 407% 16.3 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.1 Significant THD reduction but large loss increase PWM(0) 1990 2087 421% 17.3 6.5 6.3 6.3 6.4 Moderate THD with very high loss PWM(1) 2023 2284 324% 21.0 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 Reduced losses but significant increase of THD It can be concluded that optimal sequence SVM performs better than carrier based PD PWM with 3 rd harmonic injection (regarding the stated criteria) and the double commutation generally outperforms the single commutation approach (for the chosen operating points). Note that a number of issues have not been considered in the simulations presented above. The current THD (which is proportional to the voltage WTHD) varies with modulation depth [35]. This function over m and the worst case operating points would need to be considered for a comprehensive comparison of the modulation schemes. CSPD PWM has not been used in above simulations, as 3 rd harmonic injection has been considered to be almost equivalent. This may make a significant difference in the chosen operating point. Apart from that, there are implementation issues to be considered.
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THÈSE En vue de l'obtention du DOC
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Acknowledgements i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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iv Table of Contents 3.4 Generic ML
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vi Table of Contents 7.1 General mo
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viii Résumé français (French sum
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x Résumé français (French summar
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xviii Résumé français (French su
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Introduction 1 2 INTRODUCTION This
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Introduction 3 tighter capacitor di
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Introduction 5 TABLE 1, OPERATING R
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Introduction 7 2.3 Glossary Note th
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Introduction 9 2.4 Nomenclature Not
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Introduction 11 DPC DSP DTC FC FPGA
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ML Converter Topologies 13 3 ML CON
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ML Converter Topologies 15 The four
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ML Converter Topologies 17 Each swi
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ML Converter Topologies 19 size doe
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ML Converter Topologies 21 plus (a)
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ML Converter Topologies 23 N >= 2,
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ML Converter Topologies 25 (a) (b)
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ML Converter Topologies 27 (a) (b)
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ML Converter Topologies 29 In a pra
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ML Converter Topologies 31 reality,
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ML Converter Topologies 33 All cons
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ML Converter Topologies 35 TABLE 16
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ML Converter Topologies 37 TABLE 17
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ML Converter Topologies 39 3.7.4.1
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ML Converter Topologies 41 f C sw =
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ML Converter Topologies 43 A second
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ML Converter Topologies 45 Limitati
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ML Converter Topologies 47 1 K M 2
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ML Converter Topologies 49 3.8 Exec
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52 3-L DC Link ML Converter Propert
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NP Control with Carrier based PWM 8
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Page 170 and 171: Application and Verification 149 7
Page 172 and 173: Application and Verification 151 TA
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Page 188: Application and Verification 167 7.
Page 191 and 192: 170 Conclusions and Outlook 8.1.2 M
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Page 195 and 196: 174 Conclusions and Outlook 8.3 Sum
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Page 199 and 200: 178 Appendix TABLE 78, FLYING CAPAC
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Page 205 and 206: 184 Appendix 9.5 NP currents as a f
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Bibliography 195 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY [1
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Bibliography 197 [33] P. Steimer,
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Bibliography 199 neutral point bala
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Bibliography 201 [88] J. Pou, J. Za
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Christoph Haederli - Les thÃ¨ses en ligne de l'INP - Institut National ...

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