AppendixReferencesAgbakwuru, JohnBosco (January 22, 2013), “Nigeria: FG Sets Up800 Community Radio Stations”, <strong>in</strong>: Vanguard, retrieved from:http://allafrica.com/stories/201301220471.htmlAriye, E.C., The Impact <strong>of</strong> Private Broadcast<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Nigeria, <strong>in</strong>:Pakistan Journal <strong>of</strong> Social Sciences, Vol.7 - n°6 (2010),p. 415–423.Birrell, Ian, (April 16, 2014), Africa Is Refut<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Usual EconomicPessimism, <strong>in</strong>: The Wall Street Journal.Dadamac.net (2014), Community Radio Update, retrieved from:http://www.dadamac.net/blog/20140324/community-radioupdateDFID – Department for International Development (2013),Summary <strong>of</strong> DFID’s work <strong>in</strong> Nigeria 2011–2015.ENABLE, The ENABLE Programme <strong>in</strong> Nigeria, pp.1–9, retrievedfrom: www.enable-nigeria.com/marketdonors/download/6European Union Election Observation Mission to Nigeria(2007), F<strong>in</strong>al Report: Presidential, National Assembly, Gubernatorial<strong>and</strong> State House <strong>of</strong> Assembly Elections, retrieved from:http://www.eods.eu/library/FR%20NIGERIA%202007_en.<strong>pdf</strong>European Union Election Observation Mission to Nigeria (2011),F<strong>in</strong>al Report on <strong>the</strong> 2011 General Elections, retrieved from:http://eeas.europa.eu/eueom/<strong>pdf</strong>/missions/f<strong>in</strong>al-report-nigeria2011_en.<strong>pdf</strong>Faggo, Nura (February 27, 2014), BUK Mass Comm Dept to beupgraded, <strong>in</strong>: Daily Trust, retrieved from: http://dailytrust.<strong>in</strong>fo/<strong>in</strong>dex.php/education/17759-buk-mass-comm-dept-to-beupgradedFreedom House (2013a), Freedom <strong>of</strong> The World 2013: Nigeria,retrieved from: http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedomworld/2013/nigeria#Freedom House (2013b), Freedom Of The Press 2013: Nigeria,retrieved from: http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedompress/2013/nigeria#Freedom Radio, Brief, Vision, Mission, retrieved from:http://www.freedomradionig.com/<strong>in</strong>dex.php/about-usKazaure, Musa Umar, Nigeria: Freedom Radio Sanctioned forPlay<strong>in</strong>g Anti-Third Term Music, March 30, 2006, <strong>in</strong>: Daily Trust,retrieved from: http://allafrica.com/stories/200603300261.html<strong>media</strong>Reach OMD (2011), Mediafacts 2011; Nigeria, West <strong>and</strong>Central Africa, retrieved from: http://www.<strong>media</strong>reachomd.com/<strong>media</strong>_facts/2011_MFB/mfb’11-ENGLISH-nigeria-FA05052012.<strong>pdf</strong>Milligan, Simon & Mytton, Graham, From mouthpiece to<strong>public</strong> <strong>service</strong>: donor support to radio broadcasters <strong>in</strong> newdemocracies, <strong>in</strong>: Development <strong>in</strong> Practice, vol.19 – n°4–5 (2009),p. 491–503.Mo<strong>the</strong>r Earth Travel, History <strong>of</strong> Nigeria, retrieved from:http://mo<strong>the</strong>rearthtravel.com/nigeria/history.htmPunch (February 7, 2014), Kano constitutes 100-man panel t<strong>of</strong>ight street begg<strong>in</strong>g, retrieved from: http://www.punchng.com/news/kano-constitutes-100-man-panel-to-fight-street-begg<strong>in</strong>g/Nossiter, Adam (April 16, 2011), Nigerians Vote In PresidentialElection, <strong>in</strong>: The New York Times.Ojo, Edetaen & Kadiri, Maxwell (2001), Broadcast<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Nigeria:Unlock<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Airwaves, a report for Media Rights Agenda <strong>and</strong>ARTICLE 19, p.17-18, retrieved from: http://www.article19.org/data/files/<strong>pdf</strong>s/<strong>public</strong>ations/nigeria-broadcast<strong>in</strong>g-<strong>in</strong>-nigeria.<strong>pdf</strong>Ofose, Goddie (undated), Is 2015 digital broadcast deadl<strong>in</strong>erealistic? <strong>in</strong>: Daily Independent,retrieved from: http://daily<strong>in</strong>dependentnig.com/2013/08/is-2015-digital-broadcast-deadl<strong>in</strong>e-realistic/Opara, Stanley (March 20, 2014), 29% <strong>of</strong> Nigerians use Internet– Google, <strong>in</strong>: Punch, retrieved from: http://www.punchng.com/bus<strong>in</strong>ess/bus<strong>in</strong>ess-economy/29-<strong>of</strong>-nigerians-use-<strong>in</strong>ternetgoogle/Open Society Foundations (2013), An Overview, from Taylor,Sarah; M<strong>in</strong>nie, Jeanette; Bussiek, Hendrik, Open Society FoundationsPublic Broadcast<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Africa Series: AfriMAP, retrievedfrom: http://www.afrimap.org/english/images/report/Afri-MAP_PBA_Overview_Nov2013.<strong>pdf</strong>IREX (2012), Media Susta<strong>in</strong>ability Index 2012: Nigeria, pp.312-321, retrieved from: http://www.irex.org/sites/default/files/u115/Nigeria%202012%20MSI%20Pro<strong>of</strong>.<strong>pdf</strong>202
Part III Nigeria: Freedom Radio, an African Private Public Service RadioList <strong>of</strong> InterviewsOpen Society Initiative for West Africa (2010), Nigeria: A Surveyby <strong>the</strong> Africa Governance Monitor<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> Advocacy Project,Ak<strong>in</strong>gbulu, Ak<strong>in</strong>; Bussiek, Hendrik (ed.) <strong>in</strong>: Open Society FoundationsPublic Broadcast<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Africa Series, AfriMAP, retrievedfrom: http://www.afrimap.org/english/images/report/Afri-MAP_Nigeria_Broadcast<strong>in</strong>g_2011.<strong>pdf</strong>Reporters Without Borders (2014), World Press Freedom Index2014: Africa, retrieved from: http://rsf.org/<strong>in</strong>dex2014/en-africa.phpTI – Transparency International (2013), Corruption PerceptionsIndex 2013, retrieved from: http://cpi.transparency.org/cpi2013/results/UNDP Nigeria (undated), A Guide To The Nigerian Media,retrieved from: http://web.undp.org/comtoolkit/reach<strong>in</strong>g-<strong>the</strong>-outside-world/docs/Best%20Practices/AGuideto<strong>the</strong>Nigerian-Media.<strong>pdf</strong>Faruk Dalhatu, Manag<strong>in</strong>g Director Freedom Radio,Board <strong>of</strong> Directors, found<strong>in</strong>g member – <strong>in</strong>terviewed bytelephone March 23, 2014.Umar Saidu Tudunwada, General Manager Operations,Freedom Radio – <strong>in</strong>terviewed by email March 3, 2014,by telephone March 27, 2014.Dr. Balarabe Maikaba, Head <strong>of</strong> Mass Communications Dept.,Bayero University, Kano – <strong>in</strong>terviewed by telephoneApril 8, 2014.Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Abdallah Uba Adamu, Dept. <strong>of</strong> Mass Communications,Bayero University Kano – <strong>in</strong>terviewed by telephoneApril 6, 2014.Edition DW Akademie In <strong>the</strong> Service <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Public 203
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PrefacePrefaceA mouthpiece of gover
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Part I: Developing Public Service M
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Part I IntroductionSo the evolution
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Part I Introductionand that this ha
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Part I IntroductionConsequently Ham
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AppendixReferencesACT et al. (2004)
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Part I Definitions and ConceptsTran
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The Strategic ModelPolitical and le
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Research QuestionsTo sum up we now
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Part I Definitions and ConceptsEdit
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Part II Afghanistan: Reform Fear, L
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Part II Afghanistan: Reform Fear, L
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Part II Afghanistan: Reform Fear, L
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Part II Afghanistan: Reform Fear, L
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Part II Afghanistan: Reform Fear, L
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Part II Afghanistan: Reform Fear, L
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Part II Afghanistan: Reform Fear, L
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Part II Kyrgyzstan: Advancements in
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Part II Kyrgyzstan: Advancements in
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Part II Kyrgyzstan: Advancements in
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However, thanks to the input of exp
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and that the present situation of t
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Part II Kyrgyzstan: Advancements in
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Part II Kyrgyzstan: Advancements in
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Part II Kyrgyzstan: Advancements in
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AppendixReferencesBertelsmann Found
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Part II Namibia: Multilingual Conte
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Part II Namibia: Multilingual Conte
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Part II Namibia: Multilingual Conte
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Part II Namibia: Multilingual Conte
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live on two US Dollars a day or les
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According to the interviewed stakeh
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Characteristics Status Changes and
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Part II Namibia: Multilingual Conte
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Part II Mongolia: Achievements Thro
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Part II Mongolia: Achievements Thro
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Part II Mongolia: Achievements Thro
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Part II Mongolia: Achievements Thro
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Part II Moldova: Slow but Successfu
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Part II Moldova: Slow but Successfu
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Part II Moldova: Slow but Successfu
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Part II Moldova: Slow but Successfu
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Part II Moldova: Slow but Successfu
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Part II Moldova: Slow but Successfu
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Part II Moldova: Slow but Successfu
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Part II Moldova: Slow but Successfu
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Part II Moldova: Slow but Successfu
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08Myanmar: New Media Freedom, New T
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them Shan, Kayin, Rakhine, Mon, Chi
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The newly launched NRC, broadcast f
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Even though the constitution can be
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population is estimated to live bel
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important that MRTV is reflecting M
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Characteristics Radio Pio XII, Sigl
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International Media Development Par
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AppendixReferencesAdlatina.com (Feb
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List of InterviewsAcosta, Ana Marí
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Part IV: The Way Forward13Organizat
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Thus, the range spans from the phys
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In the steering committee mentioned
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The change process is intended to s
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Part Project 3: Restructuring of NH
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SteeringThe complexity of the proce
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often also serves the purpose of en
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Conclusions and Recommendations278
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Based on these considerations we di
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Namibia the state broadcaster under
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ening of identity, cultural cohesio
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support for Radio Pio XII in Bolivi
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This list of possible solutions and
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In sum, media development actors sh
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Authors292
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Priya EsselbornPriya Esselborn is t
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About UsDW Akademie is Germany’s