AppendixReferencesACORAB – Association <strong>of</strong> Community Radio broadcastersNepal (2008), Concept note on technical streng<strong>the</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g<strong>of</strong> Community Radio Stations <strong>in</strong> Nepal, Submitted toDW Akademie, Kathm<strong>and</strong>u.ACORAB – Association <strong>of</strong> Community Radio BroadcastersNepal/ UNDEF – United Nations Development Fund (2012),Social Accountability status: Community radios <strong>in</strong> Nepal,Kathm<strong>and</strong>u, retrieved from: http://acorab.org.np/docs/<strong>public</strong>ationManagement/ca9e53e919d3b1d0700405a76114a103.<strong>pdf</strong>AMARC (2006), Radio Sagarmatha w<strong>in</strong>s AMARC InternationalSolidarity Prize, retrieved from: http://lists.amarc.org/pipermail/asiapacific-general/2006-November/000114.htmlAdhikarie, Mahesh P. (March 3, 2011), Reviv<strong>in</strong>g Public ServiceBroadcast<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>in</strong>: República.com, retrieved from: http://archives.myre<strong>public</strong>a.com/portal/<strong>in</strong>dex.php?action=news_details&news_id=29874BBC (2014a), Media, retrieved from: http://www.bbcnepalidrama.com/ma<strong>in</strong>/press/<strong>media</strong>BBC (2014b), Nepali Drama, retrieved from: http://www.bbcnepalidrama.com/ma<strong>in</strong>/CIA – Central Intelligence Agency (2014), The World Factbook:Nepal, retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/<strong>public</strong>ations/<strong>the</strong>-world-factbook/geos/np.htmlCentral Bureau <strong>of</strong> Statistics (2013), National Population <strong>and</strong>Hous<strong>in</strong>g Census 2011, Kathm<strong>and</strong>u, retrieved from: http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Caste%20&%20ethnicity.<strong>pdf</strong>Communication Initiative (2001), Mak<strong>in</strong>g Waves: Radio Sagarmatha,retrieved from: http://www.comm<strong>in</strong>it.com/node/1665CRSC – Community Radio Support Center/ NEFEJ – NepalForum <strong>of</strong> Environment Journalists (2011), Community Mhz:Assess<strong>in</strong>g community radio performance <strong>in</strong> Nepal. A pilotassessment <strong>of</strong> 15 stations, Kathm<strong>and</strong>u.Dahal, Sudhamshu/Aram, Arul: Craft<strong>in</strong>g a community radio‘friendly’ broadcast policy <strong>in</strong> Nepal. Published <strong>in</strong>: Observatorio(OBS*) Journal, vol.5 - nº4 (2011), p. 69–91.Dhungel, B<strong>in</strong>od: Broadcast<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Nepal. A situation paper.Presented on February 24, 2012 to <strong>the</strong> International Fact F<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g<strong>and</strong> Media Advocacy Mission to Nepal (February 23–27,2012).Dhungana, Siromani (January 27, 2013), Press Council Nepal:From a Watchdog to <strong>the</strong> Maoist Lapdog, retrieved from: http://blog.com.np/2013/01/27/press-council-nepal-from-a-watchdogto-<strong>the</strong>-maoist-lapdog/DPNet – Desaster Preparedness Network Nepal (2014),Earthquake, retrieved from: http://www.dpnet.org.np/<strong>in</strong>dex.php?pageName=earthquakeDWO – Dalit Welfare Organization (2014), retrieved from:http://www.<strong>dw</strong>o.org.np/dalit.phpFederation <strong>of</strong> Nepali Journalists (2014), About FNJ, retrievedfrom: http://www.fnjnepal.org/<strong>media</strong>/?page_id=5Free Press Unlimited (2014), Our History, retrieved from:http://www.freepressunlimited.org/en/our-historyFreedom Forum (January 28, 2013), Concern over Yadav’s Appo<strong>in</strong>tment<strong>in</strong> Press Council Nepal, retrieved from: http://www.freedomforum.org.np/content/news-<strong>and</strong>-events/242-concernover-yadavs-appo<strong>in</strong>tment-<strong>in</strong>-press-council-nepal.htmlIDSN – International Dalit Solidarity Network (2014), country<strong>in</strong>formation Nepal, retrieved from: http://idsn.org/country<strong>in</strong>formation/nepal/ILO – International Labour Organization (2005), Dalits <strong>and</strong>Labour <strong>in</strong> Nepal: Discrim<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>and</strong> Forced Labour, retrievedfrom: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/<strong>public</strong>/@asia/@ro-bangkok/@ilo- kathm<strong>and</strong>u/documents/<strong>public</strong>ation/wcms_112922.<strong>pdf</strong>Infoasaid (Internews/BBC Media Action), Federal DemocraticRe<strong>public</strong> <strong>of</strong> Nepal. Media <strong>and</strong> Telecoms L<strong>and</strong>scape Guide 2011,retrieved from:http://<strong>in</strong>foasaid.org/sites/<strong>in</strong>foasaid.org/files/nepal_<strong>media</strong>_l<strong>and</strong>scape_guide_f<strong>in</strong>al_011011_19.12.12.PdfInternet World Stats, Nepal Usage <strong>and</strong> Population Statistics,retrieved from: http://www.<strong>in</strong>ternetworldstats.com/asia/np.htmKafle, Tulasi R., Public Service Broadcast<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Nepal. Paperpresented at <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Nicosia, January 21, 2010.Kathm<strong>and</strong>u Metropolitan City Office (2014), Introduction,retrieved from: http://www.kathm<strong>and</strong>u.gov.np/Page_Introduction_1226
Part III Nepal: Radio Sagarmatha, an Asian Community Radio PioneerKathm<strong>and</strong>u Post (February 13, 2013), Nepal to have 20m PhoneSubscribers by March-end, retrieved from: https://www.ekantipur.com/<strong>the</strong>-kathm<strong>and</strong>u-post/2013/02/12/money/nepal-tohave-20m-phone-subscribers-by-march-end/245257.htmlLodge, Andrew (March 21, 2014), Has air pollution made Kathm<strong>and</strong>uunliveable? In: The Guardian, retrieved from: http://www.<strong>the</strong>guardian.com/cities/2014/mar/21/air-pollution-kathm<strong>and</strong>u-nepal-liveable-smog-parisMaslog, Crisp<strong>in</strong> C./ Navarro, Rex L./ Tab<strong>in</strong>g, Louie N./ Teodoro,Luis V. (eds., 1997), Communication for People Power: An Introductionto Community Communication, UNESCO-TAMBULIProject, Quezon City.M<strong>in</strong>istery <strong>of</strong> Foreign Affairs <strong>of</strong> Denmark (2014), Denmark <strong>in</strong>Nepal, retrieved from: http://nepal.um.dk/en/danida-en/M<strong>in</strong>istery <strong>of</strong> Information <strong>and</strong> Communications (2014), Acts <strong>and</strong>Regulations, retrieved from: http://www.moic.gov.np/acts-<strong>and</strong>regulations.phpNEFEJ – Nepal Forum <strong>of</strong> Environmental Journalists (2014a),28 Years : Journalism for Susta<strong>in</strong>ability, retrieved from: http://www.nefej.org/NEFEJ – Nepal Forum <strong>of</strong> Environmental Journalists (2014b),ToT Berl<strong>in</strong> 2009, retrieved from: http://www.nefej.org/<strong>media</strong>tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g-center/73-tot-berl<strong>in</strong>-2009.htmlNEFEJ – Nepal Forum <strong>of</strong> Environmental Journalists (2014c),Community Radio Support Centre (CRSC), retrieved from:http://www.nefej.org/crsc.htmlNepal Monitor (July 23, 2011), Record<strong>in</strong>g Nepal Conflict:Victims <strong>in</strong> Numbers, retrieved from: http://www.nepalmonitor.com/2011/07/record<strong>in</strong>g_nepal_conf.htmlNepal Press Institute (2014), retrieved from:http://www.npiktm.orgNepali Times (August 16, 2002), Kiran, <strong>the</strong> radio guy, retrievedfrom: http://nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=5914Noronha, Frederick (May 22, 1999), Nepal: S. Asia’s First CommunityRadio Station <strong>of</strong>fers Cleanup Hope, published <strong>in</strong>:nettime.org, retrieved from: http://www.nettime.org/Lists-Archives/nettime-l-9905/msg00219.htmlOne World Media (2007), Awards 2007, retrieved from:http://archive.oneworld<strong>media</strong>.org.uk/awards/previous_awards/2007/Osang, Helmut/ Buerki, Goetz (1999), Observations <strong>and</strong>recommendations concern<strong>in</strong>g programm<strong>in</strong>g, organizationalstructure <strong>and</strong> technical set-up <strong>of</strong> Radio Sagarmatha. Reportsubmitted to <strong>the</strong> Deutsche Welle Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Centre (predecessor<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> DW Akademie), Kathm<strong>and</strong>u.Pant, Laxman Datt (2009), Journalism <strong>and</strong> Media Education<strong>in</strong> Nepal. In: Bodhi: Interdiscipl<strong>in</strong>ary Journal, Kathm<strong>and</strong>u University,p. 21–34, retrieved from: http://www.ku.edu.np/bodhi/vol3_no1/03.%20Laxman%20Datt%20Pant.Journalism%20<strong>and</strong>%20Media%20Education%20<strong>in</strong>%20Nepal.<strong>pdf</strong>Press Council Nepal (2008), Code <strong>of</strong> Journalistic Ethics-2003(Amended <strong>and</strong> revised – 2008), retrieved from: http://www.presscouncilnepal.org/code<strong>of</strong>conduct.phpPress Council Nepal (2014), retrieved from: http://www.presscouncilnepal.org/Pr<strong>in</strong>gle, Ian/ Subba, Bikram (2007), Ten Years on: <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong>Community Radio <strong>in</strong> Nepal. A study prepared for UNESCO.Radio Sagarmatha (2014a), Background, retrieved from:http://www.radiosagarmatha.org/Radio Sagarmatha (2014b), Partners, retrieved from:http://www.radiosagarmatha.org/partners.htmlRadio Sagarmatha (2014c), Editorial Team, retrieved from:http://www.radiosagarmatha.org/editorial-team.htmlRadio Sagarmatha (2014d), Program description, retrievedfrom: http://www.radiosagarmatha.org/programm-list-withgrid/about-<strong>the</strong>-programs.htmlRadio Sagarmatha (2014e), We may impact, retrieved from:http://www.radiosagarmatha.org/we-may-<strong>in</strong>pact.htmlRaghunath, Preeti (January 16, 2014), Everybody loves a goodconflict? Radio Broadcast<strong>in</strong>g Policy <strong>in</strong> Nepal, retrieved from:https://blogs.worldbank.org/<strong>public</strong>sphere/everybody-lovesgood-conflict-radio-broadcast<strong>in</strong>g-policy-nepalEdition DW Akademie In <strong>the</strong> Service <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Public 227
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PrefacePrefaceA mouthpiece of gover
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Part I: Developing Public Service M
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Part I IntroductionSo the evolution
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Part I Introductionand that this ha
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Part I IntroductionConsequently Ham
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AppendixReferencesACT et al. (2004)
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Part I Definitions and ConceptsTran
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The Strategic ModelPolitical and le
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Research QuestionsTo sum up we now
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Part I Definitions and ConceptsEdit
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Part II Afghanistan: Reform Fear, L
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Part II Afghanistan: Reform Fear, L
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Part II Afghanistan: Reform Fear, L
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Part II Afghanistan: Reform Fear, L
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Part II Afghanistan: Reform Fear, L
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Part II Afghanistan: Reform Fear, L
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Part II Afghanistan: Reform Fear, L
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Part II Kyrgyzstan: Advancements in
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Part II Kyrgyzstan: Advancements in
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Part II Kyrgyzstan: Advancements in
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However, thanks to the input of exp
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and that the present situation of t
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Part II Kyrgyzstan: Advancements in
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Part II Kyrgyzstan: Advancements in
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Part II Kyrgyzstan: Advancements in
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AppendixReferencesBertelsmann Found
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Part II Namibia: Multilingual Conte
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Part II Namibia: Multilingual Conte
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Part II Namibia: Multilingual Conte
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Part II Namibia: Multilingual Conte
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live on two US Dollars a day or les
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According to the interviewed stakeh
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Characteristics Status Changes and
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Part II Namibia: Multilingual Conte
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Part II Namibia: Multilingual Conte
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Part II Mongolia: Achievements Thro
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Part II Mongolia: Achievements Thro
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Part II Mongolia: Achievements Thro
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Part II Mongolia: Achievements Thro
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Part II Moldova: Slow but Successfu
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Part II Moldova: Slow but Successfu
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Part II Moldova: Slow but Successfu
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Part II Moldova: Slow but Successfu
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Part II Moldova: Slow but Successfu
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Part II Moldova: Slow but Successfu
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Part II Moldova: Slow but Successfu
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08Myanmar: New Media Freedom, New T
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them Shan, Kayin, Rakhine, Mon, Chi
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The newly launched NRC, broadcast f
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Even though the constitution can be
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population is estimated to live bel
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important that MRTV is reflecting M
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Status of Myanmar Radio and Televis
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General Functions I: Political Sphe
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Part II Myanmar: New Media Freedom,
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Part II Myanmar: New Media Freedom,
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Part III Serbia: Two Very Different
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Part III Serbia: Two Very Different
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Part III Serbia: Two Very Different
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Part III Serbia: Two Very Different
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Part III Serbia: Two Very Different
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Part III Serbia: Two Very Different
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Part III Serbia: Two Very Different
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- Page 230 and 231: Real Clear Politics (March 29, 2011
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often also serves the purpose of en
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Conclusions and Recommendations278
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Based on these considerations we di
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Namibia the state broadcaster under
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ening of identity, cultural cohesio
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support for Radio Pio XII in Bolivi
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This list of possible solutions and
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In sum, media development actors sh
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Authors292
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Priya EsselbornPriya Esselborn is t
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About UsDW Akademie is Germany’s