T.F. Green Airport Improvement Program - FEIS Chapters - PVD

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T.F. Green Airport Improvement ProgramEnvironmental Impact Statement and Final Section 4(f) Evaluationcrashes involving personal injury accounted for 81 percent, 53 percent, and 67 percent of the total crashes,respectively.Rental CarsIn 2004, there were several rental car companies serving the Airport with facilities located both on- andoff-Airport property. Nearly every major car rental company is represented at the Airport, including Alamo,Avis, Budget, Dollar, Enterprise, Hertz, National, Payless Car Rental, and Thrifty. On-Airport rental cars areavailable on the lower level of the Garage A adjacent to the terminal building. Free shuttle bus services areprovided to off-Airport facilities, which are located on Post Road and Airport Road. A rental car maintenancefacility, which provides washing, cleaning, and mechanical servicing for rental cars, is located on the east side ofPost Road just north of Airport Road. InterLink also includes consolidated rental car facilities. InterLink isincluded in the Future No-Action Alternative analyzed in Chapter 5, Environmental Consequences.ParkingFigure 4-15 shows the location of the on- and off-Airport parking facilities, which are available to Airportpatrons and employees. On-Airport parking includes approximately 8,422 spaces in four facilities: three garagesand two surface lots. Off-Airport parking at privately owned lots consists of approximately 2,200 spaces at threefacilities. In addition to the off-Airport public parking facilities, many of the hotels in the vicinity ofT.F. Green Airport offer “Stay, Park, and Fly” programs.Public TransportationBus, taxi, and airport limousine services are available at the Airport. Scheduled bus service includes inter- andintra-city bus operators, Peter Pan and RIPTA. The three taxi or limousine services include Airport Taxi &Limousine Service, Aero-Airport Limousine Service (Providence shuttle), and Cozy Cab, Inc. (Newport Shuttle).RIPTA bus service to Kennedy Plaza offers connections to the Bonanza and Greyhound Bus Lines, whichprovide scheduled service to regional destinations throughout Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, NewHampshire, and Maine.4.6 Air QualityThis section summarizes the methodology of the air quality assessment, and briefly describes air emissionsassociated with T.F. Green Airport, including the pollutant types and emission sources for the BaselineCondition to provide a context for evaluating the T.F. Green Airport Improvement Program. This air qualityassessment considers all sources of airport-related air quality, including aircraft, ground service equipment(GSE), and motor vehicles traveling to, from, and moving about the Airport site; fuel storage facilities;stationary sources (i.e., steam boilers, emergency generators, etc.); aircraft deicing activities; and periodicconstruction activities for new projects or improvements to existing facilities.EPA’s Criteria PollutantsThe EPA has established the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) to protect public health, theenvironment, and the quality of life from the detrimental effects of air pollution. The standard is set at a level or rangeof levels at which no adverse effects are believed to occur, and includes a margin of safety to ensure no adverseChapter 4 – Affected Environment 4-30 July 2011\\mawatr\ev\09228.00\reports\FEIS_Final_July_2011\PVD_CH04_Affected_Env_JUL_2011.doc
T.F. Green Airport Improvement ProgramEnvironmental Impact Statement and Final Section 4(f) Evaluationeffects on sensitive populations (elderly, children, asthmatics) as required by the Clean Air Act (CAA). TheseNAAQS were set for the following six “criteria” air pollutants: carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O 3), nitrogen dioxide(NO 2), sulfur dioxide (SO 2), particulate matter (PM), and lead (Pb), as listed in Table 4-19. The Rhode IslandDepartment of Environmental Management (RIDEM) has adopted these same NAAQS for the State of Rhode Island.Table 4-19National Ambient Air Quality StandardsNAAQSPollutant Averaging Time Primary Standards 1 Secondary Standards 1Carbon Monoxide (CO)Ozone (O3) 2Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10) 6Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)Lead (Pb) 81-hour8-hour8-hour 38-hour 41-hour 5Annual1-hour 53-hour24-hourAnnual24-hour24-hour 7Annual3-month35 ppm (40,000 µg/m 3 )9 ppm (10,000 µg/m 3 )0.08 ppm (157 µg/m 3 )0.075 ppm (147 µg/m 3 )NoneSame as primarySame as primarySame as primarySame as primarySame as primary0.5 ppm (1300 µg/m 3 )n/an/a150 µg/m 3Same as primary35 µg/m 3Same as primary15 µg/m 30.15 µg/m 3 Same as primary0.100 ppm (188 µg/m 3 )0.053 ppm (100 µg/m 3 )0.075 ppm (196 µg/m 3 )Na0.14 ppm (365 µg/m 3 )0.03 ppm (80 µg/m 3 )Source: EPA, 2011 (www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html); compiled by KB Environmental Sciences, Inc.1 Primary standards are set to protect public health. Secondary standards are designed to protect public welfare.2 The former ozone 1-hour NAAQS was revoked by the EPA on June 15, 2005.3 This is the former “1997” 8-hour standard for ozone.4 This is the new 8-hour standard established on March 12, 2008 and is referred to as the “2008” standard.5 The EPA established new 1-hour NO2 NAAQS (January 22, 2010) and new 1-hour SO2 NAAQS (August 23, 2010).6 EPA revoked the annual PM10 standard in 2006 (effective December 17, 2006).7 To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of 24-hour concentrations at each population-oriented monitor within an area must not exceed 35 µg/m 3 (effective December 17, 2006).8 Corresponds to a rolling three month average measured over a three-year period.NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Ppm = parts per million. µg/m 3 = micrograms per cubic meter. n/a = not applicable.Since publication of the Air Quality Protocol and the DEIS, EPA has made modifications to the NAAQS for NO 2and SO 2, is considering further strengthening the NAAQS for ozone. These changes to the NAAQS aresummarized below.NO 2– On January 22, 2010 the EPA established a new 1-hour NO 2NAAQS to help protect sensitive members ofthe human population from exposure to elevated short-term concentrations of NO 2. Set at 100 parts per billion(ppb), the new standard is evaluated based on the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of the maximum 1-houraverage concentrations. The new standard became effective on April 12, 2010. Although primarily intended toChapter 4 – Affected Environment 4-31 July 2011\\mawatr\ev\09228.00\reports\FEIS_Final_July_2011\PVD_CH04_Affected_Env_JUL_2011.doc
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